LITMIR.BIZ

      UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

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      University of California Press

      Oakland, California

      © 2018 by James P. Brennan

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Brennan, James P., 1955– author. | Ferreyra, Mercedes, photographer.

      Title: Argentina’s missing bones : revisiting the history of the dirty war / James P. Brennan; photographs by Mercedes Ferreyra.

      Description: Oakland, California : University of California Press, [2018] | Series: Violence in Latin American history ; 6 | Includes bibliographical references and index. |

      Identifiers: LCCN 2017050752 (print) | LCCN 2017052779 (ebook) | ISBN 9780520970076 (ebook) | ISBN 9780520297913 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780520297937 (pbk. : alk. paper)

      Subjects: LCSH: Argentina—History—Dirty War, 1976–1983. | Córdoba (Argentina)—History—20th century—Case studies. | Trials (Crimes against humanity)—Argentina.

      Classification: LCC F2849.2 (ebook) | LCC F2849.2 .B743 2018 (print) | DDC 982—dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017050752

      Manufactured in the United States of America

      26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

       For Córdoba’s disappeared and their families

      Contents

       Acknowledgments

       Introduction

      1.Threats: Apostles of the New Order

      2.Dictatorship: Terrorizing Córdoba

      3.Death Camp: La Perla

      4.Institutional Dynamics: The Third Army Corps

      5.Transnational Dynamics: The Cold War and the War against Subversion

      6.Five Trials: Public Reckonings of a Violent Past

      7.Remembering: Memories of Violence and Terror

      8.Assigning Blame: Who Was Responsible for the Dirty War?

       Epilogue

       Appendix 1

       Appendix 2

       Appendix 3

       Notes

       Selected Bibliography

       Index

Acknowledgments

      Sometimes books are the result of an opportunity. The changes in human rights policies under the government of Nestor and Cristina Kirchner (2003–2015) made feasible undertaking serious historical research on the state terrorism of Argentina’s last military dictatorship. Previously, the obstacles were daunting. The systematic destruction of the military’s records on its conduct during the so-called dirty war, an attempted erasure of all incriminating evidence, seemed to preclude research beyond oral histories, most notably those of the victims. The Kirchners revived the human rights issue and made it a central component of a governing strategy, repealing the previous amnesty laws, resuming trials and on an unprecedented scale of those accused of crimes during the dictatorship, establishing monuments and “memory sites” to memorialize its victims, even assembling archives for purposes of litigation if not historical research. I could not have written this book without these fortuitous changes.

      Beyond favorable circumstances in Argentina, I have benefited from the support of various institutions and individuals. A research fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities permitted a year of research (2010–2011) in Argentina and a visiting fellowship the following year at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, DC, allowed some additional research and preliminary writing on the subject. I am grateful to the staff at the latter and especially the director of the Latin America program there, Cynthia Arnson, for their support and for creating such a stimulating environment to share my research and learn from that of other fellows. In Argentina, my debts are many but I would like to thank especially the staff of the Archivo Provincial de la Memoria in Córdoba for their efforts to assist me in multiple research visits to the archive at a time of enormous activity for them with the trials and the human rights issue generally in the city. Despite hectic schedules and multiple demands on their resources, they found time to answer my questions and search for materials, and accommodated me with a working space as well as facilitated contacts in the local human rights movement. The staffs at the two sitios de memoria in Córdoba, La Perla, and the Campo de la Ribera likewise were generous with their time, and my multiple visits to both former detention centers informed in a very personal way my interpretation of the crimes committed there. In California, the interlibrary loan staff of Tomás Rivera Library at UC Riverside patiently and efficiently handled my repeated requests for materials. To all, I am deeply grateful.

      My greatest debt is to the many individuals who in diverse and crucial ways contributed to this project. Darío Olmo, the former head of the Equipo Argentino de Antropología Forense and at the time of this research the undersecretary for human rights in Córdoba, made available to me the forensic team’s reports and offered his personal assessment on the peculiar conditions that existed in Córdoba during the dictatorship. Juan Martín Zanotti and Agostina Parisi were eager and tenacious research assistants. Mercedes

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