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      Twentieth-Century Japan: The Emergence of a World Power Irwin Scheiner, Editor

      1. Labor and Imperial Democracy in Prewar Japan, by Andrew Gordon

      2. Complicit Fictions: The Subject in the Modern Japanese Prose Narrative, by James A. Fujii

      3. The Making of a Japanese Periphery, 1750–1920, by Kären Wigen

      4. The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea, 1895–1910, by Peter Duus

      5. Authenticating Culture in Imperial Japan, by Leslie Pincus

      6. Splendid Monarchy: Power and Pageantry in Modern Japan, by T. Fujitani

      7. Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan, by Helen Hardacre

      8. japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism, by Louise Young

      9. Mirror of Modernity: Invented Traditions of Modern Japan, edited by Stephen Vlastos

      10. Hiroshima Traces: Time, Space, and the Dialectics of Memory, by Lisa Yoneyama

      11. MAVO: Japanese Artists and the Avant-Garde, 1905–1931, by Gennifer Weisenfeld

      12. Reconfiguring Modernity: Concepts of Nature in Japanese Political Ideology, by Julia Adeney Thomas

      13. The City as Subject: Seki Hajime and the Reinvention of Modern Osaka, by Jeffrey E. Hanes

      14. Japanese Families in Crisis, by Merry Isaacs White

      Japan's Total Empire

       Manchuria and the Cultureof Wartime Imperialism

      LOUISE YOUNG

       University of California Press

      BERKELEY LOS ANGELES LONDON

      Publication of this work was generously supported by a grant from the Japan Foundation.

      University of California Press

      Berkeley and Los Angeles, California

      University of California Press, Ltd.

      London, England

      ©1998 by the Regents of the University of California

      First Paperback Printing 1999

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Young, Louise, 1960–

      Japan's total empire : Manchuria and the culture of wartime imperialism / Louise Young.

      p. cm.—(Twentieth-century Japan; 8)

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-0-520-21934-2 (pbk.: alk. paper)

      1. Manchuria (China)—History—1933-1945. 2. Mukden Incident,

      1931. 3. Japan—History—1926-1945. 4. World politics—1933-

      1945. I. Title. II. Series

      DS783.7.Y67 1998

      325’.352’ 09518—dc21

      97-1715

      CIP

      Printed in the United States of America

      13 12 11 10 09 08 07

      11 10 9 8 7 6 5

      The paper used in this publication is both acid-free and totally chlorine-free (TCF). It meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).

       In memory of

       Louise Merwin Young

      1903–1992

       A Study of the East Asian Institute, Columbia University

      The East Asian Institute is Columbia University's center for research, publication, and teaching on modern East Asia. The Studies of the East Asian Institute were inaugurated in 1962 to bring to a wider public the results of significant new research on modern and contemporary East Asia.

      Contents

       List of Map and Tables

       Acknowledgments

       Note on Sources

       PART I THE MAKING OF A TOTAL EMPIRE

       1. Manchukuo and Japan

       2. The Jewel in the Crown: The International Context of Manchukuo

       PART II THE MANCHURIAN INCIDENT AND THE NEW MILITARY IMPERIALISM, 1931–1933

       3. War Fever: Imperial Jingoism and the Mass Media

       4. Go-Fast Imperialism: Elite Politics and Mass Mobilization

       PART III THE MANCHURIAN EXPERIMENT IN COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT, 1932–1941

       5. Uneasy Partnership: Soldiers and Capitalists in the Colonial Economy

       6. Brave New Empire: Utopian Vision and the Intelligentsia

       PART IV THE NEW SOCIAL IMPERIALISM AND THE FARM COLONIZATION PROGRAM, 1932–1945

       7. Reinventing Agrarianism: Rural Crisis and the Wedding of Agriculture to Empire

       8. The Migration Machine: Manchurian Colonization and State Growth

       9. Victims of Empire

       PART V CONCLUSION

       10. The Paradox of Total Empire

       Bibliography

       Index

      Map and Tables

      Map of Manchukuo circa 1944

      Tables

       1. Investment in public and private enterprises in Manchukuo

       2. Capital investment in Manchukuo through stocks, loans, and bonds

       3. Direct investment in Manchukuo by new and old zaibatsu

       4. Japanese

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