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      The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the Lisa See Endowment Fund in Southern California History and Culture of the University of California Press Foundation.

      Go West, Young Women!

      Go West, Young Women!

      The Rise of Early Hollywood

      Hilary A. Hallett

      UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

      Berkeley • Los Angeles • London

      University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu.

      University of California Press

      Berkeley and Los Angeles, California

      University of California Press, Ltd.

      London, England

      © 2013 by The Regents of the University of California

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Hallett, Hilary A.

      Go west, young women! : the rise of early Hollywood / Hilary A. Hallett.

      p. cm.

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Includes filmography.

      ISBN 978-0-520-27408-2 (cloth : alk. paper) —

      ISBN 978-0-520-27409-9 (pbk. : alk. paper)

      eISBN 9780520953680

      1. Women in the motion picture industry—California—Los Angeles—History—20th century. 2. Motion picture actors and actresses—California—Los Angeles. 3. Motion pictures and women—United States. 4. Hollywood (Los Angeles, Calif.)—History—20th century. I. Title.

      PN1995.9.W6H23 2013

      791.43'6522—dc23

      2012027596

      Manufactured in the United States of America

      21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      In keeping with a commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Rolland Enviro100, a 100% postconsumer fiber paper that is FSC certified, deinked, processed chlorine-free, and manufactured with renewable biogas energy. It is acid-free and EcoLogo certified.

      For my boys—Miles, Jackson, and Christopher

      Contents

      List of Illustrations

      PART ONE. ALONG THE ROAD TO HOLLYWOOD

      Prologue I. Landscapes

      1. “Oh for a girl who could ride a horse like Pearl White”: The Actress Democratizes Fame

      2. Women-Made Women: Writing the “Movies” before Hollywood

      PART TWO. MELODRAMAS OF HOLLYWOOD’S BIRTH

      Prologue II. The Postwar Revolution in Morals and Manners, Redux

      3. Hollywood Bohemia

      4. The Movie Menace

      5. A Star Is Born: Rereading the “Fatty” Arbuckle Scandal

      Conclusion: The Girl from Hollywood

      Filmography

      Notes

      Acknowledgments

      Index

      Illustrations

       Frontispiece: Ruth Roland at the beach.

      1  Thomas Ince’s Studio by the sea, c. 1915

      2  Charlotte and Susan Cushman in Romeo and Juliet, mid–nineteenth century

      3  The two parts of Pickford’s persona

      4  Mary Pickford as idol of the “Working Girl” readers of the Ladies’ World in 1915

      5  Florence Lawrence on a postcard for fans, c. 1912

      6  A publicity photograph of Mary Pickford, c. 1922

      7  Helen Holmes on a postcard for fans, c. 1912

      8  Helen Holmes and J.P. MacGowan shooting The Hazards of Helen (1913)

      9  Ruth Roland riding her horse Joker in a publicity photograph, c. 1912

      10  Ruth Roland promoting women’s business opportunities, c. 1928

      11  Pearl White on a postcard for French fans, c. 1918

      12  Louella Parsons, c. 1924

      13  Mary Pickford entertaining a war time crowd, October 9, 1918

      14  Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks after their 1920 marriage

      15  Pola Negri displays postwar allure, 1921

      16  Natalie, Norma, Peg, and Constance Talmadge, 1917

      17  Gloria Swanson on the cover of the Spanish fan magazine El Universal

      18  “An Actress . . . What everywoman would like to be”

      19  Elinor Glyn with protégé Gloria Swanson

      20  Aristocratic Elinor Glyn

      21  June Mathis, adaptor of The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

      22  Rudolph Valentino as the Latin lover

      23  The Epicene Girls, Alla Nazimova and Natacha Rambova

      24  Virginia Rappe seduces Harold Lockwood poolside in Paradise Garden (1917)

      25  Virginia Rappe takes a ride with Rudolph Valentino in Over the Rhine (1918)

      26  Rappe warns her sex about the dangers of “too much liberty,” 1921

      27  Newspaper coverage of “movie orgies” in 1921

      28  “Arbuckle Case Rouses California’s Women Vigilants”

      29  Valentino and Swanson in Elinor Glyn’s Beyond the Rocks (1922)

      30  Poster from James Cruze’s Hollywood (1923)

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