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       Copyright

      4th Estate

      An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers

      1 London Bridge Street

      London SE1 9GF

       www.4thEstate.co.uk

      This eBook first published in Great Britain by 4th Estate in 2018

      Copyright © Lisa Samson 2018

      Cover photograph © plainpicture/Bildhuset/Bengt Olof Olsson

      Design: Ben Gardiner

      From Swimming in the Flood by John Burnside published by Jonathan Cape, reprinted by permission of The Random House Group Limited © 1995.

      While every effort has been made to obtain permission to use copyrighted material reproduced herein, the publishers will be glad to rectify any omissions in future editions.

      Lisa Samson asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

      All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins.

      Source ISBN: 9780007544615

      Ebook edition: March 2018 ISBN: 9780007544622

      Version: 2018-02-15

       Dedication

      For Mike, without whom this book

      wouldn’t have been possible

      Contents

       Cover

       Title Page

       Copyright

       Dedication

       Introduction

       The Blight of Ashwellthorpe

       The Science behind Ash Dieback

       Bread

       Ancestors

       Ash Fires

       Life Cycle

       Spring

       Isolation

       Shadows

       Shelter

       Resistance

       Notes

       Acknowledgements

       About the Author

       About the Publisher

       Introduction

      You may walk past the ash – its slenderness and height blend easily into any wood or hedgerow – but in spring you’ll stop to admire the bluebells shimmering in the light that filters through its foliage. The continued existence of the ash tree is under threat from Ash Dieback, a disease that has spread from the Continent and is threatening ash trees in Britain. During the research and writing for this book, I was diagnosed with a benign brain tumour, which changed my life irrevocably, never to be the same again. Epitaph for the Ash is a celebration of the ash and an account of my personal journey as I recorded its decline over the last few years, taking the reader from the lowlands of Norfolk to the uplands of Yorkshire, and from Devon to the northernmost reaches of the British Isles. The book explores the cultural significance of the ash tree, tracing its mythology in Norse culture and through some of the literature on and history of woodlands in Britain.

      The ancient woodlands of today are a fraction of the size they were in Anglo-Saxon Britain, as agriculture and industry have gradually encroached on the forests. During the post-war years thousands of acres of woodland were given over to agricultural production or buildings to accommodate a burgeoning population. As the elms were ravaged by Dutch Elm Disease in the latter half of the twentieth century, the importance of the ash as a habitat for rare flora and fauna increased. Trees, like any living organism, have always suffered from blight and disease, but the loss of most of our elms, and now the danger to the ash poses a serious environmental threat.

      In May 1978, I clearly recall my mother bristling with pride as she showed me a copy of the Sunday Times Magazine, which featured my uncle’s new book, Epitaph for the Elm. Gerald Wilkinson was her older brother, the eccentric tree expert. We saw little of him, but occasionally he would stop by in his old Volkswagen camper-van on his way to or from one of his extended research trips in the woodlands of Britain. To a town child like me, with a yearning for the open countryside, this seemed the most romantic way to spend your life, and I’m sure I begged him to take me with him.

      I’ve been communing with trees since I was young and sometimes fancy they are aware of me. The brightest days of my childhood were when my family and I got onto a bus into the countryside, then walked through the woods and fields, picnicking under a tree. I’d roam away from the others and listen to the trees whispering. I never wandered too far because I was afraid of my own shadow and would imagine danger lurking behind hedgerows and in the depths of the dark wood. I’ve always loved trees for their

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