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      THE BIRTH OF MODERN BRITAIN

      

       A Journey into Britain’s Archaeological Past: 1550 to the Present

      FRANCIS PRYOR

      

      Contents

       Cover

       Title Page

       Dedication

       List of Plates

       List of Text Illustrations and Maps

       Acknowledgements

       Table: Dates and Periods

       Introduction: Archaeology and Modern Times

       Chapter 1 – Market Forces: Fields, Farming and the Rural Economy

       Chapter 2 – ‘Polite Landscapes’: Prestige, Control and Authority in Rural Britain

       Chapter 3 – The Rise of the Civil Engineer: Roads, Canals and Railways

       Chapter 4 – Rapid Expansion: The Growth of Towns and Cities

       Chapter 5 – Dynamic, but Diverse: The Development of Industrial Britain

       Chapter 6 – Capitalism Triumphant: Markets, Trade and Consumers 186

       Chapter 7 – The Big Society: Faith, Justice and Charity

       Chapter 8 – The First Superpower: Defence and Security

       Picture Section

       Index

       About the Author

       By the same author

       Copyright

       About the Publisher

       Dedication

      For my step-mother, Barbara Jean Pryor, for her quiet support and encouragement.

      Plates

       Unless otherwise stated, all photographs are © Francis Pryor

      Model farm, Holkham Park, Norfolk

      A view across the lake towards the Pantheon (1754) at Stourhead, Wiltshire

      The restored grotto at Painshill, Surrey

      A view along the first turnpike road (1663) in the village of Caxton, Cambridgeshire

      The cast-iron Waterloo Bridge which carries the great Holyhead Road across the Afon Conwy at Betws-y-Coed

      A paired toll house and weighbridge house on either side of the A5 at Ty Isaf

      Milestone No. 73

      Sunburst gates at the southern end of the Menai Strait suspension bridge

      The brickwork façade of the southern entrance to the Blisworth Tunnel, Northamptonshire

      A view along the bed of the tramway that led from the valley up to the navvy camp on Risehill, North Yorkshire

      Grooves left by drill-holes to pack an explosive charge

      Bridge over the A43, where it is crossed by the M1 at Junction 15, near Northampton

      The River Porter in Whitely Woods, Sheffield

      York Gate

      The Paragon

      A view of the Forth Rail Bridge

      A view of housing in Swindon, Wiltshire

      A tipping-cistern toilet block at Hungate, York

      The basement floor of so-called ‘cellar houses’

      The Stanley Mills, near Perth, from the River Tay

      Terrace housing at Caithness Row, New Lanark

      New Buildings tenement block

      A view of a lead mine by William Ridley of Allenheads

      A view along the Washing Rakes at the North of England Lead Mining Museum, at Killhope, Co. Durham

      The potbank at the Gladstone Pottery’s Roslyn Works, Longton

      Albert Dock, Liverpool (author’s photograph by permission of the Gladstone Pottery Museum)

      The recently restored Swiss Bridge in Birkenhead Park, Merseyside

      Hamilton Square, Birkenhead, Merseyside

      The 768th (2006) Corby Glen Annual Sheep Fair, in the southern Lincolnshire Wolds, near Bourne

      The chancel of St Mary’s Church, Bottesford, Leicestershire

      The church of St John the Evangelist at Little Gidding, near Peterborough

      The gravestone of Elizabeth Cuthbert (d. 1685) in the south nave aisle of St Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall, Orkney

      The Sight of Eternal Life Church, Shrubland Road, Hackney, east London

      The Union Workhouse, Gressenhall, near East Dereham, Norfolk

      Bridge designed by Robert Adam, built by General George Wade in 1733 across the upper reaches of the Tay, at Aberfeldy (Perth and Kinross)

      The Second World War defensive landscape of the southern Wash at Lawyers’ Creek, near Holbeach St Matthew, Lincolnshire

      Ruck machine-gun post

      The Carmarthen stop line

      A view of the Carmarthen stop line from a gun emplacement overlooking the mouth of the River Tywi at St Ishmael, near Kidwelly

      Excavation of a series of Second World War defensive works at Shooters Hill, south-east London

      Text Illustrations and Maps

      Three maps of Shapwick, Somerset. From Gerrard and Aston, The Shapwick Project. Somerset. A Rural Landscape Explored (2007). With kind permission of

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