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2 (1996): 147–198, www.jstor.org/stable/25801093.

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      Marie Charlotte Arnauld, Chloé Andrieu, and Mélanie Forné, “‘In the Days of My Life’: Elite Activity and Interactions in the Maya Lowlands from Classic to Early Postclassic Times (The Long Ninth Century, AD 760–920),” Journal de la Société des Américanistes 103 (2017): 41–96, www.jstor.org/stable/26606790.

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      Many articles discuss the post-collapse Maya world, but I returned to these: T. Kam Manahan and Marcello A. Canuto, “Bracketing the Copan Dynasty: Late Preclassic and Early Postclassic Settlements at Copan, Honduras.” Latin American Antiquity 20, no. 4 (2009): 553–580 and Diane Z. Chase and Arlen F. Chase, “Framing the Maya Collapse: Continuity, Discontinuity, and Practice in the Classic to Postclassic Southern Maya Lowlands,” in After Collapse: The Regeneration of Complex Societies, ed. Glenn M. Schwartz and John J. Nichols (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2006).

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      Takeshi Inomata et al., “High-Precision Radiocarbon Dating of Political Collapse and Dynastic Origins at the Maya Site of Ceibal, Guatemala,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114, no. 6 (2017): 293–298, https://doi.org/10.2307 /26479210.

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      Peter M. J. Douglas et al., “Drought, Agricultural Adaptation, and Sociopolitical Collapse in the Maya Lowlands,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, no. 18 (2015): 5607–5612.

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      Claire E. Ebert et al., “The Role of Diet in Resilience and Vulnerability to Climate Change Among Early Agricultural Communities in the Maya Lowlands,” Current Anthropology 60, no. 4 (August 2019): 589–601.

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      Geoffrey E. Braswell, The Maya and Teotihuacan: Reinterpreting Early Classic Interaction, Linda Schele Series in Maya and Pre-Columbian Studies (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003).

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      James W. Webster et al., “Stalagmite Evidence from Belize Indicating Significant Droughts at the Time of Preclassic Abandonment, the Maya Hiatus, and the Classic Maya Collapse,” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 250, nos. 1–4 (2007): 1–17.

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      Sabin Roman, Erika Palmer, and Markus Brede, “The Dynamics of Human – Environment Interactions in the Collapse of the Classic Maya,” Ecological Economics 146 (2018): 312–324, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800917305578.

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      Gyles Iannone, ed., The Great Maya Droughts in Cultural Context: Case Studies in Resilience and Vulnerability (Louisville: University Press of Colorado, 2014).

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      Patricia McAnany and Tomas Gallareta Negron, “Bellicose Rulers and Climatological Peril?: Retrofitting Twenty-First-Century Woes on Eighth-Century Maya Society,” in Questioning Collapse: Human Resilience, Ecological Vulnerability, and the Aftermath of Empire, eds. Patricia McAnany and Norman Yoffee, 142–175 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010).

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      James Aimers and David Hodell, “Societal Collapse: Drought and the Maya,” Nature 479 (2011): 44–45, https://doi.org/10.1038/479044a.

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      Good articles that summarize and critique theories of collapse include Marilyn A. Masson, “Maya Collapse Cycles,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, no. 45 (2012): 18237–18238 and B. L. Turner and Jeremy A. Sabloff, “Classic Period Collapse of the Central Maya Lowlands: Insights about HumanEnvironment Relationships for Sustainability,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, no. 35 (2012): 13908–13914.

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      The focus on systemic collapse, rather than some particular cause, has deep roots in archaeology. Publications from the 1970s came to similar conclusions, including T. Patrick Culbert, ed., The Classic Maya Collapse. School of American Research Books. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1973).

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      Mantha Zarmakoupi, “Hellenistic & Roman Delos: The City & Its Emporion,” Archaeological Reports 61 (2015): 115–132, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0570608415000125.

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      Livio C. Stecchini, “The Historical Problem of the Fall of Rome,” Journal of General Education 5, no. 1 (1950): 57–61.

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      Jennifer Manley, “Measles and Ancient Plagues: A Note on New Scientific Evidence,” The Classical World 107, no. 3 (2014): 393–397.

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      Jason Daley, “Lessons in the Decline of Democracy from the Ruined Roman Republic,” Smithsonian, November 6, 2018, https://getpocket.com/explore/item/lessons-in-the-decline-of-democracy-from-the-ruined-roman-republic.

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      Jerald T. Milanich and Charles Hudson, Hernando de Soto and the Indians of Florida (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1993).

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      Cameron B. Wesson, “De Soto (Probably) Never Slept Here: Archaeology, Memory, Myth, and Social Identity,” International Journal of Historical Archaeology 16, no. 2 (2012): 418–435.

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      John E. Worth et al., “The Discovery and Exploration of Tristán de Luna y Arellano’s 1559–1561 Settlement on Pensacola Bay,” Historical Archaeology 54, no. 2 (2020): 472–501, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41636-020-00240-w.

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      Paul E. Hoffman, “Did Coosa Decline Between 1541 and 1560?” The Florida Anthropologist 50, no. 1 (March 1997).

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      Paul Kelton, “Avoiding the Smallpox Spirits: Colonial Epidemics and Southeastern Indian Survival,” Ethnohistory 51, no. 1 (Winter 2004).

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      Marvin T. Smith, “Understanding the Protohistoric Period in the Southeast,” Revista de Archaeologia Americana no. 23, Arqueologia Historica (2005): 215–229.

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      Brenda J. Baker et al., “The Origin and Antiquity of Syphilis: Paleopathological Diagnosis and Interpretation [and Comments and Reply],” Current Anthropology 29, no. 5 (1988): 703–737.

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      Alfred W. Crosby, The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2003); William M. Denevan, “Introduction,” in The Native Population of the Americas in 1492, ed. William M. Denevan (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976), 1–12; Henry F. Dobyns, “Disease Transfer at Contact,” Annual Review of Anthropology 22 (1993): 273–291; and Nathan Nunn and Nancy Qian, “The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 24, no. 2 (2010): 163–188.

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      A. Gwynn Henderson and David Pollack, “Chapter 17: Kentucky,” in Native America: A State-by-State Historical Encyclopedia, vol. 1, ed.

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