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      Scrivener Publishing 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J Beverly, MA 01915-6106

       Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing for Industrial Transformation

       Series Editor: Dr S. Balamurugan ([email protected])

      Scope: Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Techniques play an impeccable role in industrial transformation. The topics to be covered in this book series include Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization, Evolutionary Algorithms, Nature Inspired Algorithms, Simulated Annealing, Metaheuristics, Cuckoo Search, Firefly Optimization, Bio-inspired Algorithms, Ant Colony Optimization, Heuristic Search Techniques, Reinforcement Learning, Inductive Learning, Statistical Learning, Supervised and Unsupervised Learning, Association Learning and Clustering, Reasoning, Support Vector Machine, Di˙erential Evolution Algorithms, Expert Systems, Neuro Fuzzy Hybrid Systems, Genetic Neuro Hybrid Systems, Genetic Fuzzy Hybrid Systems and other Hybridized So~ Computing Techniques and their applications for Industrial Transformation. The book series is aimed to provide comprehensive handbooks and reference books for the benefit of scientists, research scholars, students and industry professional working towards next generation industrial transformation.

      Publishers at Scrivener Martin Scrivener ([email protected]) Phillip Carmical ([email protected])

      Biomedical Data Mining for Information Retrieval

      Methodologies, Techniques and Applications

      Edited by

      Sujata Dash,

      Subhendu Kumar Pani,

      S. Balamurugan

       and

      Ajith Abraham

      This edition first published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA

      © 2021 Scrivener Publishing LLC

      For more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

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       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      ISBN 978-1-119-71124-7

      Cover image: Pixabay.Com

      Cover design by Russell Richardson

      Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines

      Printed in the USA

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      Preface

      Introduction

      Biomedical Data Mining for Information Retrieval comprehensively covers the topic of mining biomedical text, images and visual features towards information retrieval, which is an emerging research field at the intersection of information science and computer science. Biomedical and health informatics is another remerging field of research at the intersection of information science, computer science and healthcare. This new era of healthcare informatics and analytics brings with it tremendous opportunities and challenges based on the abundance of biomedical data easily available for further analysis. The aim of healthcare informatics is to ensure high-quality, efficient healthcare and better treatment and quality of life by efficiently analyzing biomedical and healthcare data, including patients’ data, electronic health records (EHRs) and lifestyle. Earlier, it was

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