LITMIR.BIZ

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Soil Carbon Transformation 8.7 Conclusion References

      14  9 Ecological Engineering for Solid Waste Segregation, Reduction, and Resource Recovery – A Contextual Analysis in Brazil 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Municipal Solid Waste in Brazil 9.3 Compostable Waste 9.4 Anaerobic Digestion 9.5 Recycling 9.6 Burning Waste Tires 9.7 Energy Recovery 9.8 Coprocessing Industrial Waste in Cement Kilns References

      15  10 Urban Floods and Mitigation by Applying Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering 10.1 Sustainable Ecosystems through Engineering Approaches 10.2 Flooding and, Specifically, Urban Flooding as a Problem of Interest 10.3 Causes and Impacts of Urban Flooding 10.4 Protection Against and Mitigation of Urban Flooding in the Context of Sustainability 10.5 Conclusions and Future Scope References

      16  11 Ecological Engineering and Restoration of Mine Ecosystems 11.1 Background and Definitions 11.2 Ecological Criteria for Successful Mine Site Restoration 11.3 Examples of Reclamation Technology and Afforestation in Mining Areas 11.4 Selected Reclamation Practices Versus Mining Extraction and Environmental Conditions 11.5 Final Comments and Remarks References

      17  12 Ecological Restoration of Abandoned Mine Land: Theory to Practice 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Integration of Ecology Theory, Restoration Ecology, and Ecological Restoration 12.3 Restoration Planning 12.4 Components of Restoration 12.5 Afforestation of Mine‐Degraded Land 12.6 Methods of Evaluating Ecological Restoration Success 12.7 Development of a Post‐Mining Ecosystem: A Case Study in India 12.8 Conclusions and Future Research References

      18  13 Wetland, Watershed, and Lake Restoration 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Renovation of Wastewater 13.3 Restoration of Bodies of Water 13.4 Problems Encountered in Restoration Projects 13.5 Conclusion References

      19  14 Restoration of Riverine Health : An Ecohydrological Approach –Flow Regimes and Aquatic Biodiversity 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Habitat Ecology 14.3 Riverine Issues 14.4 Ecorestoration of River Basins 14.5 Summary and Conclusion Acknowledgments References

      20  15 Ecosystem Services of the Phoomdi Islands of Loktak, a Dying Ramsar Site in Northeast India 15.1 What Are Ecosystem Services? 15.2 Phoomdi Islands of Loktak 15.3 Ecosystem Degradation of Loktak 15.4 Ecosystem Services Provided by the Phoomdi Islands of Loktak 15.5 Phoomdi and Provisioning Services 15.6 Phoomdi as Reservoirs of Biodiversity 15.7 Phoomdi and Fisheries 15.8 Phoomdi and Cultural Services 15.9 Phoomdi and Regulating Services 15.10 Phoomdi and Supporting Services 15.11 Conclusion Acknowledgments References

      21  16 The Application of Reefs in Shoreline Protection 16.1 General Introduction 16.2 Types of Coral Reefs 16.3

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