LITMIR.BIZ

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Villanueva R, Inzerillo AM, Tomer Y, Barbesino G, Meltzer M, Concepcion ES, Greenberg DA, MacLaren N, Sun ZS, Zhang DM, Tucci S, DaviesTF: Limited genetic susceptibility to severe Graves’ ophthalmopathy: no role for CTLA-4 but evidence for an environmental etiology. Thyroid 2000;10:791–798.

67 Vaidya B, Oakes EJ, Imrie H, Dickinson A Perros P, Kendall-Taylor P, Pearce SH: CTLA4 gene and Graves’ disease: association of Graves’ disease with the CTLA4 exon 1 and intron 1 polymorphisms, but not with the promoter polymorphism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003;58:732–735.

68 Dechairo BM, Zabaneh D, Collins J, Brand O, Dawson GJ, Green AP, Mackay I, Franklyn JA, Connell JM, Wass JA, Wiersinga WM, Hegedus L, Brix T, Robinson BG, Hunt PJ, Weetman AP, Carey AH, Gough SC: Association of the TSHR gene with Graves’ disease: the first disease specific locus. Eur J Hum Genet 2005;13:1223–1230.

69 Kuś A, Szymański K, Jurecka-Lubieniecka B, Pawlak-Adamska E, Kula D, Miśkiewicz P, Bolanowski M, Płoski R, Bossowski A, Daroszewski J, Jarząb B, Bednarczuk T: Gender-dependent and age-of-onset-specific association of the rs11675434 single-nucleotide polymorphism near TPO with susceptibility to Graves’ ophthalmopathy. J Hum Genet 2017;62:373–377.

70 Wong KH, Rong SS, Chong KKL, Young AL, Pang CP, Chen LJ: Genetic associations of interleukin-related genes with Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015;5:16672.

71 Huber AK, Jacobson EM, Jazdzewski K, Concepcion ES, Tomer Y: Interleukin (IL)-23 receptor is a major susceptibility gene for Graves’ ophthalmopathy: the IL-23/T-helper 17 axis extends to thyroid autoimmunity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:1077–1081.

72 Romagnani S, Maggi E, Liotta F, Cosmi L, Annunziato F: Properties and origins of Th17 cells. Mol Immunol 2009;47:3–7.

73 Krassas GE, Wiersinga W: Smoking and autoimmune thyroid disease: the plot thickens. Eur J Endocrinol 2006;154:777–780.

74 Hurst J, von Landenberg P: Toll-like receptors and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2008;7:204–208.

75 Many MC, Costagliola S, Detrait M, Denef J-F, Vassart G, Ludgate M: Development of an animal model of autoimmune thyroid eye disease. J Immunol 1999;162:4966–4974.

76 Covelli D, Ludgate M: The thyroid, the eyes and the gut: a possible connection. J Endocrinol Invest 2017, Epub ahead of print.

77 Metcalfe RA, Weetman AP: Stimulation of extraocular muscle fibroblasts by cytokines and hypoxia: possible role in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol 1994;40:67–72.

78 Cawood TJ, Moriarty P, O’Farrelly C, O’Shea D: Smoking and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a novel explanation of the biological link. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:59–64.

79 Krassas GE, Heufelder AE: Immunosuppressive therapy in patients with thyroid eye disease: an overview of current concepts. Eur J Endocrinol 2001;14:311–318.

80 Bahn RS: Clinical review 157: Pathophysiology of Graves’ ophthalmopathy: the cycle of disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:1939–1946.

81 Cozma I, Zhang L, Uddin J, Lane C, Rees A, Ludgate M: Modulation of expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes in Graves’ ophthalmopathy orbits: relevance to novel analogues. Am J Physiol (Endocrinol Metab) 2007;293:E1630–E1635.

82 Zhang L, Ji QH, Ruge F, Lane C, Morris D, Tee AR, Dayan CM, Ludgate M: Reversal of pathological features of Graves’ Orbitopathy by activation of Forkhead transcription factors, FOXOs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016;101:114–122.

83 Paridaens D, van den Bosch WA, van der Loos TL, Krenning EP, van Hagen PM: The effect of etanercept on Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a pilot study. Eye 2005;19:1286–1289.

84 Cawood TJ, Moriarty P, O’Farrelly C, O’Shea D: Smoking and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a novel explanation of the biological link. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:59–64.

85 Pérez-Moreiras JV, Alvarez-López A, Gómez EC: Treatment of active corticosteroid-resistant Graves’ orbitopathy. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2014;30:162–167.

86 Stan MN, Salvi M: Management of endocrine disease: rituximab therapy for Graves’ orbitopathy – lessons from randomized control trials. Eur J Endocrinol 2017;176:R101–R109.

87 Campi I, Tosi D, Rossi S, Vannucchi G, Covelli D, Colombo F, Trombetta E, Porretti L, Vicentini L, Cantoni G, Currò N, Beck-Peccoz P, Bulfamante G, Salvi M: B cell activating factor (BAFF) and BAFF receptor expression in autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases. Thyroid 2015;25:1043–1049.

88 Vannucchi G, Covelli D, Currò N, Dazzi D, Maffini A, Campi I, Bonara P, Guastella C, Pignataro L, Ratiglia R, Beck-Peccoz P, Salvi M: Serum BAFF concentrations in patients with Graves’ disease and orbitopathy before and after immunosuppressive therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:E755–E759.

89 Neumann S, Place RF, Krieger CC, Gershengorn MC: Future prospects for treatment of Graves hyperthyroidism and eye disease. Horm Metab Res 2015;47:789–796.

      Prof. Marian Ludgate

      Division of Infection and Immunity

      School of Medicine, Cardiff University

      Cardiff CF14 4XN (UK)

      E-Mail [email protected]

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