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      Sources: United States and Canada

      Characteristics: Straight grain with fine texture and tight pores. Medium to hard density.

      Workability: Machines easily with sharp steel or carbide blades and bits. Good bending properties. Drill pilot holes first for nails or screws.

      Finishing: Takes finishes well, but penetrating wood stains may produce blotching

      Price: Inexpensive to moderate

       G. HICKORY

      Uses: Sporting equipment, handles for striking tools, furniture, plywood and veneers

      Sources: Southeastern United States

      Characteristics: Straight to wavy grained with coarse texture. Excellent shock-resistance.

      Workability: Bends well, but lumber hardness will dull steel blades and bits quickly. Resists machine burning.

      Finishing: Takes stains and clear finishes well

      Price: Inexpensive where regionally available

       H. ASPEN

      Uses: A secondary wood used for drawer boxes, cleats, runners and other hidden structural furniture components. Crafts.

      Sources: United States and Canada

      Characteristics: Indistinguishable, tight grain pattern

      Workability: Machines easily with sharp steel or carbide blades and bits. Takes routed profiles well.

      Finishing: Better suited for painting than staining. Tight grain provides smooth, paintable surface.

      Price: Inexpensive

       I. WHITE ASH

      Uses: Furniture, boat oars, baseball bats, handles for striking tools, pool cues, veneers

      Sources: United States and Canada

      Characteristics: Straight, wide grain pattern with coarse texture. Hard and dense with excellent shock-resistance.

      Workability: Machines easily with sharp steel or carbide blades and bits. Drill pilot holes first for nails or screws. “Green” ash often used for steam bending.

      Finishing: Takes stains and clear finishes well

      Price: Inexpensive

       J. POPLAR

      Uses: Secondary wood for furniture and cabinetry, similar to aspen. Carving, veneers and pulp for paper.

      Sources: United States

      Characteristics: Fine-textured with straight, wide grain pattern. Tan to gray or green in color.

      Workability: Machines easily with sharp steel or carbide blades and bits. Not prone to burning when machined. Drill pilot holes first for nails or screws.

      Finishing: Better suited for painting than staining. Tight grain provides smooth, paintable surface.

      Price: Inexpensive

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       A. WHITE PINE

      Uses: Indoor furniture, plywood, veneers and trim, construction lumber

      Sources: United States and Canada

      Characteristics: Straight grain with even texture and tight pores

      Workability: Machines easily with sharp steel or carbide blades and bits. Not prone to burning when machined. Lower resin content than other pines, so cutting edges stay cleaner longer.

      Finishing: Stains may blotch without using a stain controller first. Takes clear finishes and paints well.

      Price: Inexpensive

       B. WESTERN RED CEDAR

      Uses: Outdoor furniture, exterior millwork, interior and exterior siding

      Sources: United States and Canada

      Characteristics: Straight, variable grain pattern with coarse texture. Lower density and fairly light-weight. Saw-and sanding dust can be a respiratory irritant. Naturally resistant to deterioration from UV sunlight, insects and moisture.

      Workability: Soft composition machines easily but end grain is prone to splintering and tear-out

      Finishing: Takes stains and clear finishes well, but oils in wood can bleed through painted finishes unless primer is applied first

      Price: Inexpensive to moderate where regionally available

       C. AROMATIC CEDAR (TENNESSEE)

      Uses: Naturally-occurring oils seem to repel moths, making this wood a common closet and chest lining. Also used for veneers and outdoor furniture.

      Sources: Eastern United States and Canada

      Characteristics: Straight to wavy grain pattern with fine texture. Red to tan in color with dramatic streaks of yellows and creams. Distinct aroma emitted when machined, and dust can be a respiratory irritant.

      Workability: Machines similarly to western red cedar

      Finishing: Takes stains and clear finishes well

      Price: Inexpensive

       D. REDWOOD

      Uses: Outdoor furniture, decks and fences, siding

      Source: West coast of United States

      Characteristics: Straight, fine grain with few knots or blemishes. Relatively light weight. Reddish brown with cream-colored sapwood. Naturally resistant to deterioration from UV sunlight, insects and moisture.

      Workability: Machines and sands easily

      Finishing: Takes stains and clear finishes well

      Price: Moderate to expensive and not widely available in all nominal dimensions

       E. CYPRESS

      Uses: Exterior siding and boat building. Interior and exterior trim, beams, flooring, cabinetry and paneling.

      Source: Mississippi delta region of the United States

      Characteristics: Straight, even grain pattern with low resin content. Naturally resistant to deterioration from UV sunlight, insects and moisture.

      Workability: Machines and sands easily

      Finishing: Takes stains and clear finishes well

      Price: Inexpensive where regionally available

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