LITMIR.BIZ

      1  Cover

      2  Series Page

      3  Title Page

      4  Copyright Page

      5  List of Contributors

      6  Preface

      7  Introduction: Space Weather Underlies Reliable Technologies REFERENCES

      8  1 Effects of Space Radiation on Contemporary Space‐Based Systems I 1.1. INTRODUCTION 1.2. OVERVIEW OF SPACE RADIATION PROPERTIES 1.3. SPACE RADIATION EFFECTS 1.4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES

      9  2 Effects of Space Radiation on Contemporary Space‐Based Systems II 2.1. SURFACE CHARGING 2.2. INTERNAL (DEEP) CHARGING 2.3. PATH FORWARD REFERENCES

      10  3 Effects of Space Radiation on Humans in Space Flight 3.1. INTRODUCTION 3.2. THE SPACE WEATHER ENVIRONMENT 3.3. RADIATION QUANTITIES, UNITS, AND SYMBOLS 3.4. RADIATION EFFECTS ON HUMANS 3.5. RADIATION LIMITS 3.6. REPRESENTATIVE SEP EVENT RADIATION EXPOSURES 3.7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES

      11  4 Space Weather Radiation Effects on High‐Altitude/‐Latitude Aircraft 4.1. INTRODUCTION 4.2. THE PHYSICS OF ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION 4.3. MEASUREMENTS OF THE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT 4.4. REGULATORY ACTIVITIES 4.5. CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES

      12  5 Remaining Issues in Upper Atmosphere Satellite Drag 5.1. INTRODUCTION 5.2. BACKGROUND 5.3. THE PHYSICS OF ATMOSPHERIC DRAG ON SPACECRAFT 5.4. THE LOWER REGISTER (100–500 KM ALTITUDE) 5.5. THE UPPER REGISTER (500–1000 KM) 5.6. SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC DRIVERS 5.7. CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

      13  6 Solar Radio Burst Effects on Radio‐ and Radar‐Based Systems 6.1. INTRODUCTION 6.2. CAUSE AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTREME SOLAR RADIO NOISE 6.3. OCCURRENCE STATISTICS OF SOLAR RADIO BURSTS 6.4. NOTABLE SOLAR RADIO BURST IMPACTS REPORTED IN THE LITERATURE 6.5. CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

      14  7 Space Weather Influences on HF, UHF, and VHF Radio Propagation 7.1. INTRODUCTION 7.2. THE IONOSPHERE 7.3. RADIO PROPAGATION THROUGH AN IONIZED MEDIUM 7.4. IONOSPHERIC MORPHOLOGY AND DISTURBANCES 7.5. SOLAR STORM EFFECTS 7.6. SPACE WEATHER EFFECTS ON UHF/VHF AND HF USER APPLICATIONS 7.7. SUMMARY AND OUTSTANDING QUESTIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES

      15  8 GNSS/GPS Degradation from Space Weather 8.1. INTRODUCTION 8.2. GNSS SPACE WEATHER EFFECTS, MONITORING, AND APPLICATIONS 8.3. SCIENTIFIC APPLICATION OF GNSS 8.4. GNSS APPLICATIONS 8.5.

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