Уверенность в себе. Как повысить самооценку, преодолеть страхи и сомнения - Томас Чаморро-Премузик

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вообще отсутствуют нижние конечности, среднее число ног получается меньше двух. То же самое происходит, когда данные положительно асимметричны, что подразумевает, что большинство людей окажутся «ниже среднего». Известный пример: у большинства людей зарплата меньше среднестатистической, поскольку среднестатистическая зарплата раздута за счет небольшого количества людей со сверхвысокими зарплатами. Однако в большинстве случаев мы имеем дело с нормальным распределением переменных, что делает статистическое среднее примерно равным средней точке шкалы, а также наиболее часто встречающемуся значению.

      33

      J. Friedrich,“On Seeing Oneself as Less Self-serving Than Others: The Ultimate Self-serving Bias?” Teaching of Psychology 23, no. 2 (1996): 107–9.

      34

      E. Pronin, D. Y. Lin, and L. Ross, “The Bias Blind Spot: Perceptions of Bias in Self Versus Others,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28, no. 3 (2002): 369–81.

      35

      Ibid., 378.

      36

      T. Sharot, “The Optimism Bias,” Current Biology 21, no. 23 (2011): R941–45.

      37

      University of California, San Diego, “California’s Leadership in Tobacco Control Resulted in Lower Lung Cancer Rate, Study Finds,” ScienceDaily, September 29, 2010, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100929142131.htm.

      38

      D. Thompson, The Fix (London, UK: Harper Collins, 2012).

      39

      C. Colvin, J. Block, and D. C. Funder, “Overly Positive Self-Evaluations and Personality: Negative Implications for Mental Health,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68, no. 6 (1995):1152–62.

      40

      Ibid., 1156.

      41

      Ibid., 1159.

      42

      R. Trivers, The Folly of Fools: The Logic of Deceit and Self-deception in Human Life (New York: Basic Books, 2011).

      43

      K. H. Lambird and T. Mann, “When Do Ego Threats Lead to Self-regulation Failure? Negative Consequences of Defensive High Self-esteem,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 32, no. 9 (2006): 1177–87.

      44

      D. L. Paulhus, P. D. Harms, M. N. Bruce, and D. C. Lysy, “The Over-Claiming Technique: Measuring Self-Enhancement Independent of Ability,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84, no. 4 (2003): 890–904.

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