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Business Ethics Survey.

      8 8 Huang et al. Financial Decision Makers' Views on Safety. Professional Safety. April 2009. https://aeasseincludes.assp.org/professionalsafety/pastissues/054/04/F2_Huangetal_0409.pdf

      9 9 ACOEM Code of Conduct. https://www.acoem.org/codeofconduct.aspx

      10 10 BCSP Code of Ethics. https://www.bcsp.org/Portals/0/Assets/DocumentLibrary/BCSPcodeofethics.pdf

      11 11 NAEP Code of Ethics. http://www.naep.org/code-of-ethics

      12 12 AIHA Member Ethical Principles. https://www.aiha.org/about-aiha/aiha-governance/code-of-ethics

      13 13 AIHA Code of Conduct. https://www.aiha.org/membership/member-center/aiha-membership-and-volunteer-code-of-conduct

      14 14 Joint Industrial Hygiene Ethics Education Committee (JIHEEC). https://www.aiha.org/get-involved/volunteer-groups/joint-industrial-hygiene-ethics-education-committee

      15 15 Code of Ethics for Registered Occupational Hygienists and Occupational Hygiene Technologists (Canada). https://aiha-ab.com/code-of-ethics/

      16 16 International Code of Ethics for Occupational Health Professionals. http://www.icohweb.org/site/multimedia/code_of_ethics/code-of-ethics-en.pdf

      17 17 ABIH Code of Ethics, (I)(A)(1).

      18 18 ABIH Code of Ethics, (II)(A)(4).

      19 19 Code of Ethics for the Professional Practice of Industrial Hygiene (US). https://aiha-ab.com/code-of-ethics/

      20 20 Code of Ethics for Registered Occupational Hygienists and Occupational Hygiene Technologists (Canada). https://aiha-ab.com/code-of-ethics/

      1 1 Kidder, R.M. (1995). How Good People Make Tough Choices: Resolving the Dilemmas of Ethical Living, 183–186. William Morrow and Company, Inc.

      2 2 Applebaum, R.P. and Lichtenstein, N. (ed.) (2016). Achieving Workers' Rights in the Global Economy. Cornel University, Ithaca: ILR Press.

      3 3 Prentice, R. and de Neve, G. (ed.) (2017). Unmaking the Global Sweatshop; Health and Safety of the World's Garment Workers. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.

      4 4 Jowit, J. (2010). World's top firms caused $2.2tn of environmental damage, report estimates. The Guardian (London), February 18. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/feb/18/worlds-top-firms-environmental-damage

      5 5 Stohr, G. (2018). U.S. supreme Court shield corporations from human‐rights suits. Bloomberg BusinessWeek, April 24. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-24/u-s-supreme-court-shields-corporations-from-human-rights-suits

      6 6 Washington Legal Foundation (2018). U.S. Supreme Court continues to nibble away at Alien Tort Statute's sweep. Forbes Mag, April 25. https://www.forbes.com/sites/wlf/2018/04/25/u-s-supreme-court-continues-to-nibble-away-at-alien-tort-statutes-sweep/

      7 7 Shaw, H. (2017). Judge rejects Joe Fresh class action related to Bangladesh factory disaster. Financial Post (Toronto), July 17. https://business.financialpost.com/news/retail-marketing/judge-rejects-joe-fresh-class-action-related-to-bangladesh-factory-disaster

      8 8 Kasturi Rangan, V., Chase, L., and Karim, S. (2015). The truth about CSR. Harvard Business Review, January–February.

      9 9 Brown, G. (2017). The corporate social responsibility mirage; Research shows minimal impact for the billions spent in the past 25 years. Ind Saf Hyg News, May 1. https://www.ishn.com/articles/106349-the-corporate-social-responsibility-mirage

      10 10 Brown, G. (2017). Hansae Vietnam's garment factory: Latest example of how corporate social responsibility has failed to protect workers. J Occup Environ Health 14 (8): D130–D135.

      11 11 Adler‐Milstein, S. and Kline, J.M. (2017). Sewing Hope; How One Factory Challenges the Apparel Industry Sweatshops. Oakland: University of California Press.

      12 12 Burgess, G.L. and Mullen, D. (2002). Observations of Ethical Misconduct Among Industrial Hygienists in England. AIHA J 63), March/April: 151–154.

      13 13 Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making & Cases. O. C. Ferrell and J. Fraedrich, 2013. Cengage Learning.

      14 14 Wachter, J.K. (2014). Ethics for the Safety and Health Professional: Approaches and Case Studies. AIHA.

      15 15 https://www.osha.gov/dcsp/products/topics/businesscase/

      16 16 Veltri, A., Pagell, M., Behm, M., and Das, A. (2007). A data‐based evaluation of the relationship between occupational safety and operating performance. J SH&E Res 4 (1, Spring).

      17 17 Fabius, R., Thayer, R.D., Konicki, D.L. et al. (2013). The link between workforce health and safety and the health of the bottom line: tracking market performance of companies that nurture a culture of health. J Occup Environ Med 55 (9): 993–1000.

      18 18 Kotter, J.P. (2012). Leading Change. Harvard Business Review Press.

      19 19 Ouimet, T.C., Bracker, A., Leibowitz, A. et al. (2011). Industrial hygiene professional ethics. In: The Occupational Environment: Its Evaluation, Control, and Management, 3e. AIHA.

      20 20 Wachter (2011). Industrial hygiene professional ethics. In: The Occupational Environment: Its Evaluation, Control, and Management, 3e. AIHA.

      GEORGI POPOV PH.D. QEP CSP ARM SMS CMC FAIHA, BRUCE LYON PE CSP SMS ARM CHMM, AND TSVETAN POPOV PH.D. CIH CSP

      One of the most effective ways to reduce occupational risk is to avoid the introduction of hazards into the workplace. It is vitally important to manage workplace risks from the beginning stages of design throughout a system's life span to decommission and disposal. The process of anticipating, identifying, assessing, and controlling hazards and their risks during design and throughout the life cycle of a system is known as prevention through design (PtD). The primary purpose of the PtD process is to achieve and maintain an acceptable risk level by “designing‐in” safety measures and avoiding or reducing hazards. However, its practice remains one of the most under‐utilized aspects of

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