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       Blockchain Platforms

       A Look at the Underbelly of Distributed Platforms

       Synthesis Lectures onComputer Science

      The Synthesis Lectures on Computer Science publishes 75–150 page publications on general computer science topics that may appeal to researchers and practitioners in a variety of areas within computer science.

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      2006

      Copyright © 2020 by Morgan and Claypool

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.

      Blockchain Platforms: A Look at the Underbelly of Distributed Platforms

      Stijn Van Hijfte

       www.morganclaypool.com

      ISBN: 9781681738918 print

      ISBN: 9781681738925 ebook

      ISBN: 9781681738932 hardcover

      DOI 10.2200/S01022ED1V01Y202006CSL011

      A Publication in the Morgan and Claypool Publishers series

       SYNTHESIS LECTURES ON COMPUTER SCIENCE

      Lecture #11

      Series ISSN 1932-1228 Print 1932-1686 Electronic

       Blockchain Platforms

       A Look at the Underbelly of Distributed Platforms

      Stijn Van Hijfte, Howest Applied University College

       SYNTHESIS LECTURES ON COMPUTER SCIENCE #11

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       ABSTRACT

      This book introduces all the technical features that make up blockchain technology today. It starts with a thorough explanation of all technological concepts necessary to understand any discussions related to distributed ledgers and a short history of earlier implementations. It then discusses in detail how the Bitcoin network looks and what changes are coming in the near future, together with a range of altcoins that were created on the same base code. To get an even better idea, the book shortly explores how Bitcoin might be forked before going into detail on the Ethereum network and cryptocurrencies running on top of the network, smart contracts, and more. The book introduces the Hyperledger foundation and the tools offered to create private blockchain solutions. For those willing, it investigates directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and several of its implementations, which could solve several of the problems other blockchain networks are still dealing with to this day. In Chapter 4, readers can find an overview of blockchain networks that can be used to build solutions of their own and the tools that can help them in the process.

       KEYWORDS

      Blockchain, distributed ledger, DAG, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Iota, Hyperledger

       Contents

       Introduction

       1 Underlying Concepts and Technologies

       1.1 Hash functions

       1.2 eCash

       1.3 Hashcash

       1.3.1 The Hashcash Cost Function

       1.4 B-money

       1.5 Peer-to-Peer

       1.6 Distributed Hash Table

       1.7 Decentralized vs. Distributed

       1.7.1 SHA-256

       1.8 Merkle Tree

       1.8.1 Merkle Patricia Tree

       1.8.2 Bloom Filters

       1.9 State Machine

       1.9.1 Turing Machine

       1.10 Elliptical Curve Cryptography

       1.11 Byzantine

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