Скачать книгу

colonization represented an evil only surpassed by slavery itself. In 1832, for example, ACS secretary Ralph Gurley attended the Second Annual National Black Convention in Philadelphia to convince African Americans that the ACS only sought to ameliorate the condition of free blacks who lived under an oppressive racial order in the United States. Black leaders “patiently listened” to Gurley, allowing him to speak “in behalf of the doings of said Society” so that those assembled could “arrive at truth” in a way that “seldom has been witnessed” during a meeting in which the majority had been decidedly against the ideas set forth by a speaker. Still, when Gurley finished his “eloquent arguments,” black leader John Vashon stood to denounce the American Colonization Society’s project, reminding delegates that the Colonization Society sought only to secure slavery by deporting free blacks to Africa. After both sides had had their turn, the delegates voted. A majority came out against the ACS, proclaiming that “the doctrines of said Society, are at enmity with the principles and precepts of religion, humanity and justice, and should be regarded by every man of color in these United States, as an evil of magnitude, unexcelled, and whose doctrines aim at the entire extinction of the free colored population and the riveting of Slavery.”22

      Such an unequivocal statement against colonization may have discouraged Gurley, but he did not blame black convention attendees. Instead he focused his contempt upon Garrison for “poisoning their minds with Anti-Colonizationist ideology.” Ever since Garrison had first published the Liberator in 1831, Gurley had regarded Garrison’s invective against the ACS as the root cause of the negative opinions of the ACS held in black communities in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic states. But Gurley actually had it backwards: black leaders in Baltimore had first pushed Garrison to renounce the colonization ideology espoused by the ACS and fight against slavery and colonization. Garrison had himself been “poisoned” by black anticolonization.

      Scholars for years have pointed out that Garrison’s popularity among black leaders was directly related to his stance on colonization. This popularity translated into subscriptions to Garrison’s Liberator newspaper, which by the early 1830s supplanted Freedom’s Journal as the most important newspaper for the cause of freedom in the North. While some blacks pooled their money for subscriptions, African American supporters with wealth and prestige sent large donations to fund the paper. James Forten, for example, paid for twenty-seven subscriptions and sent Garrison many words of encouragement. In fact, scholars note that white subscribers only comprised one-fourth of the Liberator’s readers, and Garrison actually ceased looking toward the white community for support. “Our white people are shy of the paper,” Garrison bemoaned in a letter to Simeon Jocelyn. “This ill success,” he explained, “is partly owing to colonization influence, which is directly and actively opposed to the Liberator.23

      It is very likely that Garrison was correct about Colonization Society members’ disdain for him, his paper, and the ideas he so freely shared with any audience that would invite him to speak. In fact, in issue after issue, the Liberator published anticolonization letters and essays by black people attacking the American Colonization Society, its local auxiliaries, and the principles that underpinned colonization. Often these letters were in response to pro-colonization editorials, or had been published in other newspapers and reprinted in the Liberator so that Garrison could alert his readers to the ongoing debate over colonization appearing within the pages of mainstream papers.

      Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.

      Текст предоставлен ООО «ЛитРес».

      Прочитайте эту книгу целиком, купив полную легальную версию на ЛитРес.

      Безопасно оплатить книгу можно банковской картой Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, со счета мобильного телефона, с платежного терминала, в салоне МТС или Связной, через PayPal, WebMoney, Яндекс.Деньги, QIWI Кошелек, бонусными картами или другим удобным Вам способом.

/9j/4RuURXhpZgAATU0AKgAAAAgABwESAAMAAAABAAEAAAEaAAUAAAABAAAAYgEbAAUAAAABAAAA agEoAAMAAAABAAIAAAExAAIAAAAgAAAAcgEyAAIAAAAUAAAAkodpAAQAAAABAAAAqAAAANQALcbA AAAnEAAtxsAAACcQQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoTWFjaW50b3NoKQAyMDE0OjA3OjAxIDE0 OjI0OjQzAAAAAAOgAQADAAAAAQABAACgAgAEAAAAAQAABy6gAwAEAAAAAQAACtcAAAAAAAAABgED AAMAAAABAAYAAAEaAAUAAAABAAABIgEbAAUAAAABAAABKgEoAAMAAAABAAIAAAIBAAQAAAABAAAB MgICAAQAAAABAAAaWgAAAAAAAABIAAAAAQAAAEgAAAAB/9j/7QAMQWRvYmVfQ00AAf/uAA5BZG9i ZQBkgAAAAAH/2wCEAAwICAgJCAwJCQwRCwoLERUPDAwPFRgTExUTExgRDAwMDAwMEQwMDAwMDAwM DAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwBDQsLDQ4NEA4OEBQODg4UFA4ODg4UEQwMDAwMEREMDAwMDAwR DAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDP/AABEIAKAAagMBIgACEQEDEQH/3QAEAAf/xAE/ AAABBQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAADAAECBAUGBwgJCgsBAAEFAQEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAEAAgMEBQYHCAkK CxAAAQQBAwIEAgUHBggFAwwzAQACEQMEIRIxBUFRYRMicYEyBhSRobFCIyQVUsFiMzRygtFDByWS U/Dh8WNzNRaisoMmRJNUZEXCo3Q2F9JV4mXys4TD03Xj80YnlKSFtJXE1OT0pbXF1eX1VmZ2hpam tsbW5vY3R1dnd4eXp7fH1+f3EQACAgECBAQDBAUGBwcGBTUBAAIRAyExEgRBUWFxIhMFMoGRFKGx QiPBUtHwMyRi4XKCkkNTFWNzNPElBhaisoMHJjXC0kSTVKMXZEVVNnRl4vKzhMPTdePzRpSkhbSV xNTk9KW1xdXl9VZmdoaWprbG1ub2JzdHV2d3h5ent8f/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/AOop8h3iNERwEiNT 4ad0GudASDP5xGmp8lcbS0kOLhtHHloqjZXqY4kePg7ThO/c2WtI418xKJZX6JdBJfH6McyfpeKL XUyxoe3UOHfz+KVdENf05eHQJIMtHEzG3T97+UrAc8NGkDtHgE5LGNO76TiA0k+7n6X8pTpcLK4c e2kSTp2dokAolqZTbhWHVBvqOc1rXWSGjcf5x4bte5rP3Pz3oteH6Uve91tjyNzyI0bMNaxv83s/ dUnOouxiWWNDtshhcNwc33Q/+q8KbbGs2iZa5ocyeQ08bk66Faa9eqKs3rp0a+S/ZXtAE8k9wqr6 xIjWeAfL5rSta15/Rnc4GQOxH9VVLK3NaHSI8SCmFcGi+sncG6lxjXT5oTg2S0NEjwhXXy0Eke0n 5Sqdx1JmZ7ePzQS17Q3bEEDTT8Tom9QfvHiOPwTP11cIcJJPyTbj+67iee3/AJNBD//Q6WhsbT8J iQD/AFlaa81AbRuk6Dnj3KtQ+wVudrseRJEQSPD7032ja/VrnQPe0fmtP5tf5u789VLpst51lofu 3w86xH3f2VKi25gOOysOsaTA3D2tOrN30fptHsYg4t+Fk4zLTYzGy2hzXtLtkGdo3sdurc57Nnqb P+t2KLS82ts3tB91F23U7dLA6dfb7v0aX1Q3BS8t3vJ3uOskAg+6W6H2qw41sjVmnM+J9vdV7GOr qFriLmOgm0ulhH8r6Ki3I/QgVfo7SRtgw+BJ+j9Dbr9CxHZF227aqshha5jCyNXQJ+R2qjW2KbaC baSx8OYHBzYgOHt9/wCZt+grV/UMRwIsbZRaDEl

Скачать книгу