Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants - Bharat Singh

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      12 Basu, N.K., Singh, H.K., and Aggarwal, O.P. (1957a). A chemical investigation of Achyranthes aspera Linn. J. Proc. Inst. Chem. 29: 55–58.

      13 Basu, N.K., Neogi, N.C., and Srivastava, V.P. (1957b). Biological investigation of Achyranthes aspera Linn. and its constituent achyranthine. J. Proc. Inst. Chem. 29: 161–165.

      14 Batta, A.K. and Rangaswami, S. (1973). Angiospermae dicotyledonae: crystalline chemical components of some vegetable drugs. Phytochemistry 12: 214–216.

      15 Bhatnagar, L.S., Singh, V.K., and Pandey, G. (1973). Medico-botanical studies on the flora of Ghaigaon forests, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. J. Res. Indian Med. 8: 67–100.

      16 Bhom, K.H. (1992). Achyranthes. In: Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis (eds. R. Liersch, R. Haensel, K. Keller, et al.), 54–59. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

      17 Bhosale, U.A., Yegnanarayan, R., Pophale, P., and Somani, R. (2012). Effect of aqueous extracts of Achyranthes aspera Linn. on experimental animal model for inflammation. Anc. Sci. Life 31: 202–206.

      18 Chakraborty, A., Rantner, A.H., and Chowdhury, B.K. (2000). Investigation of the antimicrobial activity of Achyranthes aspera L. Phytomedicine 7 (Suppl. II): 83–84.

      19 Chakraborty, A., Brantner, A., Mukuinaka, T. et al. (2002). Cancer chemo preventive activity of Achyranthes aspera leaves on Epstein-Barr virus activation and two stage mouse skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett. 177: 1–5.

      20 Charyulu, G.P. (1982). Effect of Apamarga Achyranthes aspera Antardhooma Bhasma on cases of Tamaka Shwasa bronchial asthma. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 44: 49–54.

      21 Dange, S.V. and Phadke, S.A. (1989). Comparative efficacy of five indigenous compound formulations in patients of acute viral hepatitis. Maharashtra Med. J. 36: 75.

      22 Edwin, S., Jarald, E.E., Deb, L. et al. (2008). Wound healing and antioxidant activity of Achyranthes aspera. Pharm. Biol. 46: 824–828.

      23 Elvanayagum, Z.E., Gnavanendham, S.G., Balakrishna, K. et al. (1995). Survey of medicinal plants with antisnake venom activity in Chengalpattu district, Tamilnadu, India. Fitoterapia 66: 488–492.

      24 Filova, A. (2014). Production of secondary metabolites in plant tissue cultures. Res. J. Agric. Sci. 46: 236–245.

      25 Fukumura, M., Ando, H., Hirai, Y. et al. (2009). Achyranthoside H methyl ester, a novel oleanolic acid saponin derivative from Achyranthes fauriei roots, induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453 cells via a caspase activation pathway. J. Nat. Med. 63: 181–188.

      26 Gariballa, Y., Iskander, G.M., and Daw El Beit, A. (1983). Investigation of the alkaloid components in the Sudan Flora. Fitoterapia 54: 269–272.

      27 Geetha, P., Narayanan, K.R., and Murugesan, A.G. (2010). Screening the anticancerous efficacy of Achyranthes aspera Linn. using animal model Swiss albino mice. J. Biomed. Sci. Res. 2: 231–235.

      28 Girach, R.D., Aminuddin, A., and Khan, S.A. (1992). Ethnomedicinal uses of Achyranthes aspera in Orissa (India). Int. J. Pharm. 30: 113–115.

      29 Gokhale, A.B., Damre, A.S., Kulkami, K.R., and Saraf, M.N. (2002). Preliminary evaluation of anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of S. lappa, A. speciosa and A. aspera. Phytomedicine 9: 433–437.

      30 Gopalachari, R. and Dhar, M.L. (1952). Chemical examination of the seeds of Achyranthes aspera Linn. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 11B: 209.

      31 Gopalachari, R. and Dhar, M.L. (1958). Studies in the constitution of the saponin from the seeds of Achyranthes aspera: Part I – Identification of the sapogenin. J. Sci. Ind. Res. 17B: 276–278.

      32 Goyal, B.R. and Mahajan, S.G. (2007). Beneficial effect of Achyranthes apsera Linn. in toluene-diisocyanate induced occupational asthma in rats. Global J. Pharmacol. 1: 6–12.

      33 Guangshu, W., Xiaoping, Z., Xiaong, Y., and Jingda, X. (2004). Study on the acidic triterpenoid saponins of Achyranthes bientata Bl. Chin. J. Med. Chem. 14: 40–42.

      34 Gupta, S.S., Bhagwat, A.W., and Ram, A.K. (1972a). Cardiac stimulant activity of the saponin of Achyranthes aspera (Linn.). Indian J. Med. Res. 60: 462–471.

      35 Gupta, S.S., Verma, S.C., Ram, A.K., and Tripathi, R.M. (1972b). Diuretic effect of the saponin of Achyranthes aspera (apamarga). Indian J. Pharm. 4: 208–214.

      36 Gupta, V., Krishna, C.M., Bansal, P. et al. (2010). Phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of Achyranthes aspera – a review. Int. J. Ayurvedic Med. 1: 1–11.

      37 Hariharan, V. and Rangaswami, S. (1970). Structure of saponins A and B from the seeds of Achyranthes aspera. Phytochemistry 9: 409–414.

      38 He, C.-C., Hui, R.-R., Tezuka, Y. et al. (2010). Osteoprotective effect of extract from Achyranthes bidentata in ovariectomized rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 127: 229–234.

      39 He, X., Wang, X., Fang, J. et al. (2017). The genus Achyranthes: a review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. J. Ethnopharmacol. 203: 260–278.

      40 Husain, W. and Siddiqui, M.B. (1987). Ethno-botanical approach of North-Western U.P. Acta Bot. Ind. 15: 94–97.

      41 Ikan, R., Ravid, U., Trosset, D., and Shulman, E. (1971). Ecdysterone: an insect moulting hormone from Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae). Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 27: 504–505.

      42 Iwalewa, E.O., McGaw, L.J., Naidoo, V., and Eloff, J.N. (2007). Inflammation: the foundation of diseases and disorders. A review of phytomedicines of South African origin used to treat pain and inflammatory conditions. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 6: 2868–2885.

      43 Jayakumar, T., Sridhar, M.P., Bharath Prasad, T.R. et al. (2009). Experimental studies of Achyranthes aspera (L) preventing nephrotoxicity induced by lead in albino rats. J. Health Sci. 55: 701–708.

      44 Jiang, Z., Qian, J., Dong, H. et al. (2017). The traditional Chinese medicine Achyranthes bidentata and our de novo conception of its metastatic chemoprevention: from phytochemistry to pharmacology. Sci. Rep. 7 (Art. No.: 3888).

      45 John, R., Shajitha, P.P., Devassy, A., and Mathew, L. (2017). Hairy-root cultures of Achyranthes aspera Linn. as a novel route for the production of 20-hydroxyecdysone. Acta Physiol. Plant. 39 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-017-2555-x.

      46 Kapoor, V.K. and Singh, H. (1966). Isolation of betaine from Achyranthes aspera Linn. Indian J. Chem. 4: 461–463.

      47 Kapoor, V.K. and Singh, H. (1967). Investigation of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Indian J. Pharm. 29: 285–288.

      48 Karuppusamy, S. (2009). A review on trends in production of secondary metabolites from higher plants by in vitro tissue, organ and cell cultures. J. Med. Plant Res. 3: 1222–1239.

      49 Kawahara, Y., Hoshino, T., Morimoto, H. et al. (2016). LC-MS-based quantification method for Achyranthes root saponins. J. Nat. Med. 70: 102–106.

      50 Khanna, K.K., Mudgal, V., Shukla, G., and Srivastava, P.K. (1994). Unreported ethnomedicinal uses of plants as aphrodisiac from the folklores of Uttar Pradesh plains, India. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 36: 91–94.

      51 Khastgir, H.N. and Sengupta, P. (1958). Oleanolic acid from Achyranthes aspera Linn. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 35: 529–530.

      52 Khastgir, H.N., Sengupta, S.K., and Sengupta, P. (1958). The sapogenin from seeds of Achyranthes aspera Linn. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 35: 693–694.

      53 Kothavade, P.S., Bulani, V.D., Nagmoti, D.M. et al. (2015). Therapeutic effect of saponin rich fraction of Achyranthes aspera Linn. on adjuvant-induced arthritis in sprague-dawley rats. Autoimmune Dis. 2015: 943645.

      54 Kumar, A. and Mishra, K.K. (2017). Phytochemical and pharmacognostical profile of Achyranthes aspera. J. Pharmacog. Phytochem. 6: 394–398.

      55 Kunert, O., Haslinger, E., Schmid, M.G. et al. (2000). Three saponins steroid and a flavanol glycoside from Achyranthes aspera. Monatsh. Chem. 131: 195–204.

      56 Latha, B.P., Vijaya, T., Reddy, I.R.M. et al. (2011). Therapeutic efficacy of

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