Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants - Bharat Singh

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Shanthi et al. 2011; Hussain et al. 2012; Khan et al. 2015). Similarly, pakistamide C has been isolated from the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of Abutilon pakistanicum (Ali et al. 2014).

Illustration of the tautomeric structures of Tetracontane, n-Tetracosane, and Scopoletin. Illustration of the tautomeric structures of Scoparone, Syringic acid, and Gallic acid. Illustration of the tautomeric structures of Caffeic acid, p-β-D-Glucosyloxybenzoic acid, and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid. Illustration of the tautomeric structures of Stigmasterol and β-Amyrin 3-palmitate. Illustration of the tautomeric structures of Squalene and β-Sitosterol. Illustration of the tautomeric structure of Pakistamide C.

      The presence of scopoletin and scoparone has showed a unique pattern of accumulation with higher levels of scopoletin during the earlier stages and scoparone in the later stages of development. The calli contained the highest amount of coumarins followed by regenerated plants developed via somatic embryogenesis (Rao et al. 2016). The callus cultures were induced on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin. Flavonoids were found in all callus extracts in comparison with their natural habitat plant parts at various habitats. The secondary metabolites of flavonoid and phenolic acid contents of A. indicum were studied at dissimilar habitats and in vitro callus culture extract. Among these studies, plants from hills and wet soil habitat showed maximum secondary metabolites than those in the other habitats (Selvam et al. 2012). The supplementation of phenylalanine to callus cultures of A. indicum showed threefold increase in quercetin content as compared with control (Sajjalaguddam and Paladugu 2015).

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