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The River Niger in northern Mali sustains a wetland on the edge of the Sahara Desert known as the Inner Niger Delta, which is home to two million fishers, farmers, and herders.

       COPYRIGHT

      William Collins

      An imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers 1 London Bridge Street London SE1 9GF WilliamCollinsBooks.com

      This eBook edition published by William Collins in 2020

      Text © Wetlands International 2020

      Photographs © individual copyright holders

      Wetlands International asserts their moral right to be identified as the authors of this work.

      Cover and interiors designed by David Griffin

      Picture research by Caroline Cortizo at Shifting Pixels

      A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

      All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this eBook on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollinsPublishers.

      Source ISBN: 9780008390495

      eBook Edition © February 2020 ISBN: 9780008405120

      Version: 2020-02-05

      CONTENTS

       COVER

       TITLE PAGE

      COPYRIGHT

      FOREWORD

      INTRODUCTION: EVERLASTING SWAMPS

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      UPLANDS AND COLD LANDS

       RUOERGAI PLATEAU, CHINA: Rewetting bogs on the roof of the world

       PARAMO DE SUNTARBAN, COLOMBIA: The secrets of Andean grasslands

       LAKE LOKTAK, INDIA: How hydropower broke the mirror of Manipur

       RIFT VALLEY, ETHIOPIA: East African lakes drained for a Valentine rose

       MOSCOW PEATLANDS, RUSSIA: From peat mines to bog wilderness

       SIBERIAN MIRES: Permafrost thawing and carbon under threat

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      RIVER FLOODPLAINS

       ENGLISH FENS AND THE AMERICAN MIDWEST: Land grabs in ‘dismal swamps’

       PANTANAL, BRAZIL: A future for the world’s largest wetland

       RUPUNUNI, GUYANA: How to map the glistening grasslands

       TONLE SAP, CAMBODIA: Reversing river is the beating heart of the Mekong

       LAKE CHAD, WEST AFRICA: Dams, dykes and an international refugee crisis

       INNER NIGER DELTA, MALI: Desert jewel on the brink

       SUDD SWAMP AND MESOPOTAMIAN MARSHES: Refuges in times of conflict

       RIVER RHINE, EUROPE: River ‘rectification’ replaced by ‘making room for the river’

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      INLAND SEAS, SWAMPS AND SUMPS

       SALTON SEA, CALIFORNIA: Celebrating artificial and accidental wetlands

       LAKES PRESPA AND OHRID, BALKANS: Wetland truce brings wider peace

       ARAL SEA, CENTRAL ASIA: What happens when a sea dies

       CUVETTE CENTRALE, CONGO: Jungle swamps and a climate time bomb

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      COASTAL DELTAS AND LAGOONS

       RUFIJI DELTA, TANZANIA: Restoring wetland rights for wise use

       MISSISSIPPI DELTA, LOUISIANA: Ol’ man river keeps on rolling

       KERALA, INDIA: Crazy backwaters in ‘God’s own country’

       VENICE, ITALY: When a coastal lagoon becomes an ocean bay

       ACEH, INDONESIA: Mangroves to fight the next tsunami

       BAY OF BENGAL, SOUTH ASIA: Absorbing cyclones in India and Bangladesh

       WADDEN SEA, NETHERLANDS: Breaking dykes to stop the ocean

       FLORIDA EVERGLADES, USA: Start of a blue carbon revolution

       JAVA, INDONESIA: ‘God willing we plan to stay’

      CONCLUSION: GROUNDSWELL

      END NOTES

      INDEX

      ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

      CREDITS

      THE AUTHORS

       ABOUT THE PUBLISHER

      ‘Managing land and water together is going to be key to reversing land degradation worldwide. Wetlands are critical for people and ecosystems. This has become crystal clear in dryland areas, such as around Lake Chad and the Aral Sea. The collapse of these wetland ecosystems has adversely affected the land, biological diversity and the well-being of the people. Water Lands presents a compelling and urgent call to action by all.’

      Ibrahim Thiaw

      Executive Secretary, UN Convention to Combat Desertification

      ‘Water Lands is exceptional because it shines a light on the importance of understanding how water systems have shaped nature, cultures and economies. Through stories and evidence from wetlands the world over, Water Lands points out how these relationships have changed and how problems can be resolved by empowering local people as central players in harnessing water and nature to secure a more resilient future.’

      David Nabarro

      Special Advisor to the United Nations Secretary General on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Climate Change

      ‘Wetlands are the vital organs of a living planet. They nurse life, stabilize the climate, and anchor the water cycle locally and globally. But, as Water Lands

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