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have always been a symbol of financial independence and freedom for young people. Countless movies and television ads have memorialized the ritual of a teenager getting his or her first car, and with it a taste of freedom from parents. In fact, in gathering these stories I was surprised at how often cars came up as being central to big life decisions. If your parents can buy you a car, debt free, count yourself lucky. But if you’re on the hook to finance it yourself, consider your options carefully.

      DO YOU REALLY NEED A CAR AT ALL?

      New options have emerged in recent years that are changing the game. First and foremost, the sharing economy has come to the car business. Now, especially in urban areas where cars are seldom needed, there are lots of sharing options. They include short-term rental companies such as Zipcar as well as taxi-alternative services such as Uber and Lyft. So you may be able to avoid the entire problem of taking out a loan to buy a car.

      Think carefully about whether you really need to spend money on owning a car, and if not, then just say no. You can always change your mind later if your needs change.

      DO YOU NEED TO OWN THAT CAR?

      Leasing has become much more popular among young people. According to Edmunds.com, the percentage of young people ages 18 to 34 who are leasing cars is up 46 percent over the last five years. In fact, in the first half of 2015 close to a third of all new car purchases were actually leases, according to Edmunds.com.

      Edmunds.com found that Millennials were sticking to their budgets – doing the math and realizing that they could get a better car for the same payment by leasing. They are avoiding going into debt to own a depreciating asset, as Weissbluth points out.

      The right car also changes with your life stage, and leasing avoids committing to the wrong car. The needs of a single person are different from those of a couple, and a world away from the needs of a family. Leasing allows a lot more wiggle room as the picture changes.

      I spoke to a number of the Edmunds.com survey respondents, and several told me that technology was a key reason they didn’t want to own a car. Buying a car today and owning it for the life of the car, usually more than a decade, would put them far behind the curve as technology changed. Think about what the technology in a car bought in 2006 would look like in 2016. Connor, a young entrepreneur I spoke with, admits he will always have payments. But he also told me that he will always be in the car he wants to be in.

      Allison, a 30-year-old executive assistant from Staten Island, also liked the lower payments of leasing, which allowed her to deploy the extra cash into other investments. In fact, she owns a couple of investment properties in the Pocono Mountains. It also got her into a higher-end car, specifically a Mercedes. She doesn’t have to worry about repairs and enjoys having a new car every few years.

      BUYING THE CAR

      On a purely mathematical basis, buying has traditionally been proven to be the best choice. Most car loans are five years, and then you’ll be payment-free for as long as you keep your vehicle. Loans are getting longer in order to lower the monthly payments. Doing that will ultimately make the car more expensive because you’ll pay more in interest, but your lower monthly payments will help you meet other financial obligations such as paying down your student debt or having more money to invest. As of now, the average car on the road is more than 11 years old. So even if you stretch your car loan out a little longer, you’ll have a nice stretch of years with no payments. And while cars do depreciate in value, when you do finally move on to your next car you’ll likely get something for your old car, even if you give it to charity and get a nice tax deduction.

      THE USED CAR OPTION

      As I mention above, cars now last a really long time. And with all the leasing going on, there are going to be a lot more used cars available that are in great shape. So if you’re looking for value, this may be an option. Don’t be a snob.

      Karl Brauer, senior director of insights and senior editor for Kelley Blue Book, points out that because car companies are going to have so many used cars to sell, they are improving their certified pre-owned programs. Warranties on used cars are as good as if not better than those on new cars. And he reminds buyers to always spend time researching before heading to the dealer. Given how much information is now available about the value of both new and used cars, there’s no excuse to not be prepared and know what you should be paying.

      GO FOR THE INTERNET SALESPERSON

      The salespeople who work the floor of the dealership get paid on a traditional commission structure. They will assume that you haven’t done extensive research online and will offer you a higher price from the start, according to TrueCar’s Vice President of Industry Insights Eric Lyman. He says a little-known secret is that if you come in through the Internet sales team, they will often offer you a lower opening price because they know that you’ve done your homework. While it varies at different companies, Lyman says that in most cases the Internet sales team is paid differently and has more wiggle room when it comes to price negotiation.

      GETTING THE BEST FINANCING

      Here’s a case where that good credit really hits home. Buyers with fair credit will end up spending about six times more to finance a vehicle – equal to about $6,100 in additional interest payments over the life of a $20,000, five-year loan – than consumers with excellent credit, according to WalletHub.

      For all the effort car buyers make negotiating a price, they often let the financing slip through the cracks. Brauer says that the most important thing is to do your research before you even get to the dealer.

       Local credit unions often have the best deals. Banks can also have better rates than dealers.

       Make sure you know your credit score. Brauer says buyers are often surprised that their score isn’t as high as they had thought and are left scrambling at the last minute at the dealer, figuring out if they can still afford the vehicle at a higher rate.

       Ask the dealer to beat, or at least match, the best rate. If they do, go with the dealer. They can make the whole process run more smoothly, without you having to go back and forth while the paperwork is being done. But if they don’t, you will be prepared to take your business elsewhere.

       Don’t relax. Watch all the numbers until the entire transaction is complete. Just because you negotiated a price for the car doesn’t mean that you can put down your guard. Pay attention to everything. If you’re trading in a car as well, fight for the best price. As it is you bought at retail and are selling at wholesale.

      BEWARE THE UPSELL

      If you’re adding on extras, be careful that you really want them and that you aren’t just becoming passive because you’re excited to get your new car. Make sure that what’s on the contract is what you agreed to. Read everything.

      Brauer also says to really look carefully at the extras that dealers present. Take your time and do the math. In most cases paying ahead of time for things such as maintenance and extended warranties is not the best financial deal.

      THE ULTIMATE GROWNUP DEBT: MORTGAGES

      Taking out a mortgage is a really grownup thing to do. In many cases you’re committing to payments that could last as long as 30 years. The amount of the mortgage is probably daunting. But take a deep breath. In general, mortgages are good debt. They allow you to invest in a home, which will likely be your biggest asset. We’ll talk more about what to look for when it comes to deciding what to buy in Chapter 7 on real estate. But first, let’s go over the key things to think about.

      Choosing a Lender

      The good news is that because of the Internet there are countless resources available. Try to choose a lender before you shop for a home so you’re pre-approved. Get referrals from friends, and ask those friends why they had a good experience. Also ask them if there were things that they felt could have been done better. If you have a trusted real estate broker,

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