Creating a Common Polity - Emily Mackil Hellenistic Culture and Society

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      University of California Press

      Berkeley and Los Angeles, California

      University of California Press, Ltd.

      London, England

      © 2013 by The Regents of the University of California

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Mackil, Emily Maureen.

      Creating a common polity : religion, economy, and politics in the making of the Greek koinon / Emily Mackil.

      p.cm. — (Hellenistic culture and society; 55)

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-0-520-27250-7 (cloth, alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-520-95393-2 (ebook)

      1. Greece—Politics and government—To 146 B.C 2. City-states—Greece—History. 3. Religion and state—Greece—History. I. Title.

      JC73.M3372013

      320.938—dc232012012446

      Manufactured in the United States of America

      22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

      10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

      In keeping with its commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Cascades Enviro 100, a 100% post–consumer waste, recycled, de-inked fiber. FSC recycled certified and processed chlorine-free. It is acid-free, Ecologo-certified, and manufactured by BioGas energy.

      For Max

      CONTENTS

      Preface

      Abbreviations

      Maps

      Introduction

       Strategies Old and New

       Institutions

       An Example

       A Road Map

      PART I. COOPERATION, COMPETITION, AND COERCION: A NARRATIVE HISTORY

      1.The Archaic Period and the Fifth Century

       Boiotia

       Achaia

       Aitolia

      2.The Fourth Century

       Common Wars, Common Peaces, Common Polities, 404–371

       Theban Hegemony and the Hegemony of the Koinon, 371–346

       A New Macedonian Order, 346–323

      3.The Hellenistic Period

       Mainland Greece and the Wars of the Successors, 323–285

       Independence and Expansion, 284–245

       Shifting Alliances, 245–229

       The Roman Entrance and the War against Kleomenes, 229–222

       The Rise of Philip V and the Social War, 221–217

       The First and Second Macedonian Wars: Rome, Aitolia, and Philip V, 215–196

       The Freedom of the Greeks and the Dismantling of Regional Cooperation, 196–167

       Bargaining with Rome, the Struggle for Sparta, and the End of the Achaian Koinon, 167–146

      PART II. INTERACTIONS AND INSTITUTIONS

      4.Cultic Communities

       Building Regional Communities

       Politicizing Regional Communities

       Legitimating and Celebrating the Power of the Koinon

       Reproducing the Power of the Koinon

      5.Economic Communities

       Cooperative Coinage and Early Forms of Economic Cooperation

       Protecting and Promoting Economic Mobility

       Resource Complementarity and Economic Interdependence

       Winning the Battle for Resources

       Taxation and Regional State Revenues

       Managing Economic Crises and Disputes

      6.Political Communities

       Coercion and Cooperation in the Formation of the Koinon

       The Terms of the Federal Compromise

       Enforcement, Negotiation, and Institutional Stability

      Conclusion

      Appendix: Epigraphic Dossier

       I. Boiotia: T1–T33

       II. Achaia: T34–T46

       III. Aitolia: T47–T61

      Bibliography

      Index of Subjects

      Index Locorum

      PREFACE

      This book trades in a currency that is not widely accepted beyond the relatively small scholarly circle of classicists, ancient historians, and Greek epigraphers. Yet in the course of writing it I have learned a great deal from work done in fields well beyond theirs, including geography, economics, political science, anthropology, and sociology. I have therefore attempted to write in such a way as to keep my account accessible to the interested nonspecialist, in the hope that the intellectual exchange may be reciprocal. At the same time, the full scholarly apparatus of ancient historical research, especially that based in ancient documents, has been retained in the notes and above all in the appended epigraphic dossier, which collects, translates, and comments upon sixty-one Greek inscriptions of particular relevance to the argument that is sustained over the course of this book. I hope that, in offering this book for exchange with specialists and nonspecialists alike, I have not unwittingly debased my currency with both.

      It is with a view to accessibility beyond classical circles that all Greek is transliterated (except in the epigraphic dossier), according to what I readily admit is a somewhat arbitrary system. I have preferred the Greek to the Latin system of transliteration, except where the result is an offense to normal English usage. So, for example, Achaia, Aitolia, Boiotia, Orchomenos, and Polybios are as close

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