Radio - John Mowitt

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He writes: “Presence will be defined as the maximum distance permitting the immediate establishment of relations of reciprocity between two individuals, given the society’s techniques and tools” (Critique 270). He offers the telephone and the two-way radio on an airplane as examples—both importantly acousmatic—as if to make sure that “distance” is not construed too narrowly. In then turning to absence—“the impossibility of individuals establishing relations of reciprocity between themselves” (270–71)—he establishes the full significance of distance. It is a way to represent the space that contains what Sartre understands, following Hegel, reciprocity. This last is more than a mere affirmation of cooperation or mutuality. It refers to the ontological work of recognition and thus undergirds what Marxism understands by “solidarity.” In Sartre’s hands reciprocity stands opposite alterity, that is, the form of social mediation premised on a passive interiorization of the “given,” the so-called nature of things. Presence names the limit of reciprocity and thus also of alterity. It is not about the face to face but about the anthro-technological conditions of a totalizing proximity. It is about the Near that may also be far, the distance that is not distant, in effect, the essence of humanity such that that essence might express itself in common with others concerned to wrest praxis from the robotic grasp of the practico-inert, or what Marx called dead labor.

      How, then, does this bear on the two radios: the ground-to-air or two-way radio and the broadcast radio? The latter, by virtue of exemplifying an indirect or absent seriality, would appear to fall squarely into the experience of alterity, that is, a distance that in compromising the conditions of reciprocity would appear to fall beyond the far into the purely remote. Does this not undercut presence as the conceptual link between Heidegger and Sartre on the radio? Actually, no, but to understand why one needs to trace attentively the political dimension of Sartre’s analysis, a dimension that has direct and sustained recourse to the concept of voice (la voix).

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