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монархия, сложившаяся в ряде стран Западной Европы, выступала как переходный тип государства. С одной стороны, элементы феодализма были по-прежнему сильны, с другой – отношения монарха с сословиями уже не являлись в строгом смысле слова феодальными, поскольку ему в данном случае противостояли не индивидуальные вассалы, а различные корпоративные объединения, представлявшие не только светскую аристократию, но также духовенство и горожан.

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