LITMIR.BIZ

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shepherd's call from hamlet low,

      Replying straight;

      But thee nought answers … Even so,

      Poet, thy fate!

      There are few things more curious than to observe how universally the same legends are to be found in the popular traditions of very distant ages and nations, under circumstances which render it extremely difficult for the most acute investigator to trace how, when, and where they were communicated, or even to give any plausible account of the origin of the legend itself. So difficult indeed is this task, that we are almost driven to account for so singular a phenomenon, by attributing to the human mind an exceedingly small endowment of originality; and by supposing that, however the details of these ancient traditions may have been modified and adapted to suit the peculiar nature, the scenery of each particular country, or the manners, customs, and character of its inhabitants—the fundamental idea, and the leading incident, remaining the same under the most dissimilar conditions of time and place, must have a common and a single origin. This doctrine, if carried to its legitimate consequences, would lead us to consider the number of the original legends common to all times and many races, as singularly limited; and that a very short list indeed might be made to embrace the root-stories—the uhrsagen, as a German might call them. And really when we reflect that many of the most threadbare jests which figure in the recondite tomes of Mr Joseph Miller are to be found, crystallized in attic salt, in the pages of Hierocles, and represented as forming part of the "Hundred merye Talis and Jeastis" which delectated the citizens of ancient Greece; when we reflect, we repeat, that the same buffooneries, still retailed by after-dinner cits in the Sunday shades of Clapham or Camden-Town, may have raised the easy laugh of the merry Greek beneath the portico and in the Agora; it makes us entertain a very humble idea respecting the amount of creative power given to man, even for the production of so small a matter as a pleasantry, not to speak of pleasantries so very small as some of these mysterious and time-honoured jokes. If we remember, still further, that the pedigree of these trifling insects of the brain, these children of the quip, does not stop even in the venerable pages of Hierocles—that Greek "Joe"—but loses itself, like a Welsh genealogy in the darkest gloom of antiquity, we ought not to be surprised that ancient legends, being often shattered fragments and dim shadowings-forth of mystic and hierophantic philosophy, should be found, with many of their principal features unaltered, in the popular traditions of different ages and countries.

      The tale embodied in the "Lay of Olég the Wise," is identical in all its essentials with the legend still extant upon the tomb of an ancient Kentish family, in the church of (we believe) Minster, in the Isle of Sheppey. The inimitable Ingoldsby has made the adventure the subject of one of his charming "Legends," and has shown how the Knight came by his death in consequence of wounding his foot in the act of contemptuously kicking the fatal horse's skull, thus accomplishing the prophecy many years after the death of the faithful steed. The reader will perceive, that in the Russian form of the legend the hero dies by the bite of a serpent, and not by the less imposing consequences of mortification in the toe; but the identity of the leading idea in the two versions of the old tale, is too striking not to be remarked. It is only necessary to observe that Olég is still one of the popular heroes of Russian legendary lore, and that the feast, to which allusion is made at the end of the poem, is the funeral banquet customary among the ancient Slavons at the burial of their heroes; and resembling the funeral games of the heroic age in Greece. The Slavonians, however, had the habit, on such occasions, of sacrificing a horse over the tumulus or barrow of the departed brave. The Perún mentioned in the stanzas was the War-God of this ancient people.

The Lay of the Wise Olég

      Wise Olég to the war he hath bouned him again,

      The Khozárs have awaken'd his ire;

      For rapine and raid, hamlet, city, and plain

      Are devoted to falchion and fire.

      In mail of Byzance, girt with many a good spear,

      The Prince pricks along on his faithful destrere.

      From the darksome fir-forest, to meet that array,

      Forth paces a gray-haired magician:

      To none but Perún did that sorcerer pray,

      Fulfilling the prophet's dread mission:

      His life he had wasted in penance and pain:—

      And beside that enchanter Olég drew his rein.

      "Now rede me, enchanter, beloved of Perún,

      The good and the ill that's before me;

      Shall I soon give my neighbour-foes triumph, and soon

      Shall the earth of the grave be piled o'er me?

      Unfold all the truth; fear me not; and for meed,

      Choose among them—I give thee my best battle-steed."

      "O, enchanters they care not for prince or for peer,

      And gifts are but needlessly given;

      The wise tongue ne'er stumbleth for falsehood or fear,

      'Tis the friend of the councils of Heaven!

      The years of the future are clouded and dark,

      Yet on thy fair forehead thy fate I can mark:

      "Remember now firmly the words of my tongue;

      For the chief finds a rapture in glory:

      On the gate of Byzantium thy buckler is hung,

      Thy name shall be deathless in story;

      Wild waves and broad kingdoms thy sceptre obey,

      And the foe sees with envy so boundless a sway:

      "And the blue sea, uplifting its treacherous wave,

      In its wrath—in the hurricane-hour—

      And the knife of the coward, the sword of the brave,

      To slay thee shall never have power:

      Within thy strong harness no wound shalt thou know,

      For a guardian unseen shall defend thee below.

      "Thy steed fears not labour, nor danger, nor pain,

      His lord's lightest accent he heareth,

      Now still, though the arrows fall round him like rain,

      Now o'er the red field he careereth;

      He fears not the winter, he fears not to bleed—

      Yet thy death-wound shall come from thy good battle-steed!"

      Olég smiled a moment, but yet on his brow,

      And lip, thought and sorrow were blended:

      In silence he bent on his saddle, and slow

      The Prince from his courser descended;

      And as though from a friend he were parting with pain,

      He strokes his broad neck and his dark flowing mane.

      "Farewell then, my comrade, fleet, faithful, and bold!

      We must part—such is Destiny's power:

      Now rest thee—I swear, in thy stirrup of gold

      No foot shall e'er rest, from this hour.

      Farewell! we've been comrades for many a long year—

      My squires, now I pray ye, come take my destrere.

      "The softest of carpets his horse-cloth shall be:

      And lead him away to the meadow;

      On the choicest of corn he shall feed daintilie,

      He shall drink of the well in the shadow."

      Then straightway departed the squires with the steed,

      And to valiant Olég a fresh courser they lead.

      Olég and his comrades are feasting, I trow;

      The

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