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live in poverty.

      The premier, Hovik Abrahamyan, welcomed Kim and Khloé with open arms, realising they were putting Armenia on the map for millions of people around the world. The sisters were joined by two previously unheralded Armenian cousins, Kourtni and Kara Kardashian, who hadn’t shared the limelight with their famous American relatives until now.

      Prime Minister Abrahamyan praised the Kardashian contribution to the ‘international recognition and condemnation of the Armenian genocide’. Kim, in turn, repeated her pledge to campaign for worldwide acknowledgement of the atrocity.

      She apologised for not being able to speak Armenian and said she and her sisters were intent on learning the language, which doesn’t feature in the curriculum of the exclusive private schools of Beverly Hills and Bel Air. Even her father, Robert Kardashian, so proud of his heritage, wasn’t a fluent speaker.

      Kim’s efforts to reveal a more serious side to her public image received an unexpected boost when Pope Francis condemned the cruelty of the genocide during a service at St Peter’s in Rome. Many commentators acknowledged that the combination of Kim Kardashian and the Pope was a PR disaster for Turkey.

      After the family left Armenia, there was one more important stop to make before they flew home. They travelled to Jerusalem for North to be baptised into the Armenian Apostolic Church. The hour-long ceremony at the Cathedral of St James in the Old City was conducted in both Armenian and English, and ended with North being anointed on the head with holy water.

      Kim followed the custom of these occasions by wearing a striped wraparound floor-length dress and flat shoes and covering her head with a white shawl. Kanye looked relaxed and happy in white trousers and sweater. North, in a white christening gown, went to sleep. It had been a long trip for a little girl but, as a reward, she was treated to a day out in Disneyland on her second birthday in June.

      The ‘state visit’ to Armenia was a triumph for Kim, although her one disappointment came when President Obama failed to use the ‘g word’ (genocide) in a speech marking the anniversary. He couldn’t risk antagonising Turkey, an important ally in the ongoing fight against terrorism. Kim, who doesn’t blame modern-day Turkish people, observed, ‘It’s very disappointing he hasn’t used it as a president. We thought it would happen this year. I feel like we’re close …’

      When she had first arrived in Armenia, Kim made a point of saying that her father and his parents, now all dead, would have been hugely proud of the visit and what she was trying to achieve. Like her, they had been born in the United States. It was the previous generation of Kardashians, Kim’s great-grandparents, who preserved the family line by fleeing Armenia just before the mass slaughter of their countrymen.

      In leaving the remote village of Karakale, where the family originated, they were heeding an extraordinary warning made by an illiterate and sickly boy who had visions about the future. Efim Klubnikin predicted, ‘Those who believe in this [prophecy] will go to a far land, while the unbelievers will remain in place. Our people will go on a long journey over the great and deep waters.’

      Although he made the prophecy first as an 11-year-old boy in the 1850s, he repeated his warning 50 years later, just in time for some 2,000 Armenians to leave before the nation’s holocaust. Kim’s forebears were among the lucky ones. Accounts testify that ‘every soul’ in Karakale was murdered. The village is now an entirely Muslim settlement, near the city of Kars, in the harsh, snow-covered environment of eastern Turkey.

      In an extraordinary twist, Klubnikin urged his ‘believers’ not just to flee to the United States, but to settle specifically in Los Angeles. Kim’s great-grandparents sailed independently to a new life, and met and fell in love on the boat from Germany. They were among some of the last to flee, not setting sail until 1913.

      At the time of the massacres, Armenia was still in Russia. The First Republic of Armenia was formed in 1918 and became a founding member of the Soviet Union four years later. Strictly speaking, the Kardashian ancestors were of Russian-Armenian stock and the family name was Kardashcoff, which doesn’t trip off the tongue as well as Kardashian, although they could still have called their famous boutique DASH.

      By the end of the First World War, the Kardashian family was beginning to establish itself at the centre of the new Armenian community in Los Angeles. Many had settled in a poor, slum-like neighbourhood known as ‘The Flats’ in Boyle Heights, East LA. The area was a gateway to the city for newcomers, and one that they aspired to leave. The Kardashians were no exception.

      The displacement of some of a nation’s finest men and women bred great spirit and a desire for achievement. Friendships forged in adverse circumstances would last a lifetime, binding successful Armenian families together. A fierce loyalty was the hallmark of the community.

      The rise in fortunes of the Kardashians began with a rubbish collection business and moved on to hog-farming. From there, it was a natural progression to opening a slaughterhouse for meat processing, as an outlet for their livestock concern. The Great Western Meat Packing Company started up in 1933 in the city of Vernon, 5 miles south of downtown LA. It’s a very unprepossessing, almost exclusively industrial area, full of warehouses and plants – and slaughterhouses. Vernon is not a place where you would want to live.

      Arthur Kardashian, Kim’s grandfather, was born in Los Angeles in 1918 and married her beautiful grandmother, Helen Arakelian, who was a year older, when he was 20. He took over the family business with his brother Bob when their father retired and built it into one of the most successful Southern Californian enterprises, with a turnover of more than $100 million.

      Art and Helen became pillars of a new prosperous Armenian community, settling in the affluent suburb of Baldwin Hills, a million miles away from The Flats. Former California Senator Walter Karabian, a frequent guest, described their home as ‘beautiful’ and ‘upscale’. In the space of a generation, the Kardashians had risen from hard-working immigrants to millionaires. They possessed an ideology of success and how to achieve it that they would pass on to their children and grandchildren.

      Kim adored her grandparents. Particularly, she was close to Helen, who died, aged 90, in 2008. ‘Nana was seriously so much fun,’ she said. ‘She was your typical Armenian grandmother and always cooking the best Armenian meals. Our favourite when we visited was a breakfast dish called beeshee, which is a pancake topped with lots of sugar.’ Her grandparents eventually retired to Indian Wells, near Palm Springs, where they originally had a holiday home. When Helen died, she and Art had been married for 70 years.

      The biggest influence in Kim’s life was her beloved father, Robert Kardashian, who was born in Baldwin Hills in 1944. She observed, ‘My father always taught us never to forget where we came from. We grew up learning so much about our Armenian ancestors that we will teach to our own kids one day.’ She is clearly giving North a head start in that regard.

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       Tower of Strength

      Robert Kardashian is a name that sounds as if it belongs to a very serious person. In reality, Bob, or Bobby as he was known, was funny and fun-seeking, a young man with a reputation as a practical joker, who never wanted to be tied to the family meat-packing business. It didn’t suit his style at all. He would leave that responsibility to his elder brother, Thomas, known as Tommy, who was four years his senior. An elder sister, Barbara, pursued a successful career as a dentist.

      He followed them both to USC – the University of Southern California – in Los Angeles where he studied business administration from 1962 until 1966 and, like his brother, was the senior manager of the student American football team, the formidable USC Trojans. Both brothers were keen on sport, particularly football, and could play to a high, if not professional, standard.

      Robert decided to continue his education at the University of San Diego, where he graduated in 1969 with a law degree. Tommy observed that his younger brother went to law school to avoid going into the family business. The elder Kardashian already had a Rolls-Royce and Robert was determined that he would have one too. On his return to Los Angeles,

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