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      27. redundancy n – увольнение работника в связи с сокращением рабочих мест

      redundant a – уволенный работник

      28. layoff n – увольнение сотрудников в связи с сокращением производства и спроса на продукцию

      layoff v – увольнять сотрудников

      29. affiliation n – членство, принадлежность

      30. community n – община, сообщество

      31. skill n – навык

      skilled a – квалифицированный (рабочий)

      32. assumption n – предположение; предпосылка; принятие ответственности

      assume v – предполагать; создавать предпосылку; принимать ответственность

      33. challenge n – вызов

      challenge v – бросать вызов

      challenging a – сложный, интересный

      34. decision-makingprocess – процесс принятия решений

      35. proactive a – предвосхищающий события

      proactively adv – предвосхищая события

      36. feedback n – обратная связь

      37. mentor n – ментор, наставник

      38.equity n – собственный капитал; обыкновенные акции; справедливость

      39. input n – потребляемые ингредиенты; вход, ввод, вклад

      40. output n – выпуск продукции; продукция, отдача, выход

      41. benchmark n – база, ориентир, стандарт, эталон

      42.benefit n – право, привилегия, льгота, польза, преимущество

      beneficiary n – бенефициар

      benefit v – получать привилегию, пользу, льготу, преимущество; выигрывать

      beneficial a – полезный, льготный

      fringebenefits – дополнительные льготы

      43. absenteeism n – абсентеизм, прогул

      absentee n – отсутствующий (на работе), прогульщик

      44. expectancy n – ожидание, вероятность

      expectation n – ожидание

      expect v – ожидать

      45.promotion n – продвижение (по службе или товара)

      promote v – продвигать

      46.credibility n – кредит доверия

      Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.

      1. What is motivation? 2. Do command-and-control methods of motivation work today? 3. What motivation theory captures all the complexity of motivation? 4. How does Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory explain what drives human behavior? 5. How did Maslow prioritize human needs? 6. What do companies do to meet the physiological needs of their employees? 7. How can safety needs be fulfilled? 8. What are social needs? 9. How can esteem needs be met? 10. Is it possible to satiate the need for self-actualization? 11. What are the key assumptions of Douglas McGregor’s theory? 12. What type of managers – X or Y – is more effective nowadays? 13. What is the essence of the Learned Needs Theory? 14. What is the best possible job for people with the dominant need for achievement, power and affiliation, respectively? 15. What is the premise of the Equity Theory? 16. How can people correct inequities? 17. What equation forms the basis of the Expectancy Theory? 18. What rewards should you offer to your employees within the framework of the Expectancy Theory? 19. What motivation theories can be effective in contemporary Russia?

      Exercise 2. Describe how companies take care of their employees. Use the following terms.

      medical insurance

      life insurance

      paid holidays

      sick leaves

      retirement programs (pension plans)

      training and development programs

      child care

      recreational activities

      transportation allowance

      maternity/paternity leaves

      credit union facilities

      ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plans)

      profit sharing

      bonuses

      relocation expenses

      fringe benefits

      wages and salaries

      stock options

      induction process

      mentors

      job security

      grievance committee

      outplacement services

      severance pay

      employment contract

      cafeteria plans[1]

      Exercise 3. You are a journalist working for Business Week and you are to interview Frederick Herzberg who developed the Two-Factor Theory. Invent a dialogue between these two individuals using the following briefing materials.

      Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

      Frederick Herzberg’ s theory is known as the motivator-hygiene theory. His basic premise is that dissatisfaction and satisfaction are not opposite

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