English grammar: 100 main rules - Елена Анатольевна Васильева

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RULE 1. Proper and Common Nouns

      

RULE 2. Countable and Uncountable Nouns

      

RULE 3. Plural Form Nouns

      

      

RULE 4. Irregular Plural Form of Nouns

      

RULE 5. Gender of Nouns

      

      

RULE 6. Common and Possessive Cases of Nouns

      

      

      

RULE 7. Syntactic Functions of Nouns

      

RULE 8. Adjectives

      

RULE 9. Adjective Degrees of Comparison

      

      Positive Degree of Adjectives

      1. Description

      a busy street, a clever dog, a dull day, an expensive ring, a good attitude, a jealous man, an important signal, a weak accent, young people

      Note

      Qualitative adjectives can be modified by adverbs of degree.

      a dreadfully dull day, extremely hot weather, a fairly large message, a hugely important signal, an immenselyfamous picture, incredibly useful advice, an intensely busy street, a little/a bit expensive ring, a rather good attitude, a reasonably weak accent, quite an interesting list, a slightly somber event, a too jealous husband, an unusually clever dog, very young people

      2. Comparison

      1) Equality

      as + adjective + as

      The white kitten is as cute as the grey one.

      Playing games is as important as studying.

      2) Inferiority

      not so + adjective (+ as)

      His idea is not so stupid.

      The view did not turn to be so splendid as we had expected.

      half as + adjective (+ as)

      Jimmy is half as tall as Jonny.

      Our house is half as big as the neighbours'.

      3) Superiority

      twice (three times) as + adjective (+ as)

      The way was twice as long as yesterday.

      Olivia's typing speed is three times as fast as Andrew's.

      Comparative Degree of Adjectives

      The comparative degree demonstrates the difference between two objects.

      1) Superiority

      – Most one- and two-syllable adjectives form the comparative degree by adding – er ending.

      adjective + – er

      clever – cleverer, dull – duller, large – larger, weak – weaker, young – younger

      Apple juice is sweeter than orange juice.

      These tickets are cheaper than those ones.

      Note

      – Adjectives ending in – y change the – y into – i and add – er.

      busy – busier, pretty – prettier, lazy – lazier, funny – funnier, juicy – juicier

      Cf.: shy – shyer, sly – slyer, grey – greyer

      – One-syllable adjectives with a short vowel followed by a consonant double this consonant and add – er.

      big – bigger, hot – hotter, fat – fatter, thin – thinner

      – Several two-syllable adjectives and all three- (and more) syllable adjectives form the comparative degree with more.

      more + adjective

      more expensive, more famous, more important, more interesting, more profitable, more somber, more useful

      The new hairdo makes Andrew more handsome.

      Time is more valuable than money.

      2) Inferiority

      less + adjective

      less busy, less clever, less hot, less expensive, less famous, less important, less interesting

      This way is less easy than the way Andrew offers.

      I prefer less dangerous driving.

      Note

      Use certain adverbs to enhance the meaning of comparative adjectives.

      far/much/a lot

      slightly/a little/a bit

      Olivia is far prettier

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