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P2Y12 receptor blockers Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors Anticoagulants Indirect thrombin inhibitors Low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) Pentasaccharides: Fondaparinux Direct thrombin inhibitors: bivalirudin, argatroban, dabigatran Vitamin K dependent oral anticoagulants Non‐vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) Idarucizumab Andexanet Alfa Disclosures References

      11  PART III: Hypertension and Structural Heart Disease SECTION I: Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension CHAPTER 47: Right Heart Catheterization and Pulmonary Hemodynamics Balloon‐tipped pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) Patient preparation, venous access, and technique Pulmonary hemodynamics Pharmacologic drug testing Cardiac tamponade Constrictive pericarditis Permanent PA–pressure monitoring References CHAPTER 48: Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism Risk stratification and patient selection Therapies for acute PE Medical therapy Conclusions References CHAPTER 49: Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension Resistant hypertension Rationale of targeting the renal sympathetic nervous system Surgical sympathetic denervation Percutaneous denervation The procedure The future Renal denervation beyond hypertension References SECTION II: Structural Heart Interventions CHAPTER 50: Antithrombotic Strategies in Valvular and Structural Heart Disease Interventions Rationale for antithrombotic therapy post‐TAVR Anti‐thrombotic strategies in the periprocedural period Anti‐thrombotic strategies in transcatheter‐based mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonic valve interventions Conclusion References CHAPTER 51: Alcohol Septal Ablation for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Introduction Selection of patients Mechanisms of treatment efficacy The technique Treatment efficacy Adverse events Future directions Conclusions References CHAPTER 52: Left Atrial Appendage Exclusion Indications for LAA exclusion Endocardial devices: design and technical details Procedural aspects for implantation The Lariat system: a combined endocardial–epicardial approach Post‐implantation consideration and follow‐up References CHAPTER 53: Cryptogenic Stroke, Patent Foramen Ovale, and ASD Closure Types of ASD and PFO Cryptogenic stroke and its relation to PFO Atrial septal defect Closure of ASD and PFO Contraindications to ASD and PFO closure Technique ASD and PFO closure procedure ASD sizing ASD device selection PFO device selection Device delivery Completing the procedure Adverse events Aftercare Future directions References CHAPTER 54: Paravalvular Leak Closure and Ventricular Septal Defect Closure Transcatheter

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