LITMIR.BIZ

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Previous Research 8.3 State of the Art 8.4 Discussion 8.5 Conclusion 8.6 Symbols and Nomenclature References 9 Nanocatalysts in Biodiesel Production 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Transesterification of Vegetable Oils 9.3 Conventional Catalysts Used in Biodiesel Production: Advantages and Limitations 9.4 Role of Nanotechnology in Biodiesel Production 9.5 Different Nanocatalysts in Biodiesel Production 9.6 Conclusion Acknowledgment References 10 Sustainable Production of Biodiesel Using Ion‐Exchange Resin Catalysts 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Features of Ion‐Exchange Resin Catalysts 10.3 Cation‐Exchange Resin Catalyst 10.4 Anion‐Exchange Resin Catalysts 10.5 Summary References 11 Advances in Bifunctional Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Production 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Application of Solid Bifunctional Catalyst in Biodiesel Production 11.3 Summary and Concluding Remarks Acknowledgment References 12 Application of Catalysts Derived from Renewable Resources in Production of Biodiesel 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Potential Renewable Resources for Production of Biodiesel Catalysts 12.3 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Challenges of These Types of Catalyst for Biodiesel Production Acknowledgment References 13 Biodiesel Production Using Ionic Liquid‐Based Catalysts 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Mechanism of IL‐Catalyzed Biodiesel Production 13.3 Acidic and Basic Ionic Liquids (AILs/BILs) as Catalyst in Biodiesel Production 13.4 Supported Ionic Liquids in Biodiesel Production 13.5 IL Lipase Cocatalysts 13.6 Optimization and Novel Biodiesel Production Technologies Using ILs 13.7 Recyclability of the Ionic Liquids on Biodiesel Production 13.8 Kinetics of IL‐Catalyzed Biodiesel Production 13.9 Techno‐Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact Analysis of Biodiesel Production Using Ionic Liquid as Catalyst 13.10 Conclusion References 14 Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Versatile Catalysts for Biodiesel Synthesis 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Biodiesel Synthesis Over MOF Catalysts 14.3 Conclusion References

      9  Part 3: Technologies, By‐product Valorization and Prospects of Biodiesel Production 15 Upstream Strategies (Waste Oil Feedstocks, Nonedible Oils, and Unicellular Oil Feedstocks like Microalgae) 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Biodiesel Feedstocks 15.3 Composition of Oils and Fats 15.4 Methods for Oil Extraction 15.5 Purification of Oils and Fats 15.6 Production of Biodiesel 15.7 Future Prospects References 16 Mainstream Strategies for Biodiesel Production 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Mainstream Strategies and Technology for Biodiesel Production 16.3 Future Prospects and Challenges Acknowledgment References 17 Downstream Strategies for Separation, Washing, Purification, and Alcohol Recovery in Biodiesel Production 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Glycerol Separation and Refining 17.3 Membrane Reactors 17.4 Methanol Recovery 17.5 Additization

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