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the integration of the hospital into healthcare and prevention approaches. There was also a focus on the situation of vulnerable people: children, the elderly, people with disabilities, people with cancer, etc. Thirty-five presentations were delivered despite the Covid-19 pandemic.

      Thus far, 10 GISEH conferences have been held in French-speaking countries over the past 18 years. Academics and hospital staff, driven by the social, economic and environmental efficiency of essential human systems working towards the well-being of humanity, will have shared their ideas, built projects, put their solutions into practice and built common skills. At the ripe age of 63, I am leaving for the militant world of mutual insurance companies in healthcare. I leave the GISEH conferences in the capable hands of Philippe Wieser and Sondès Chaabane, two friends who have already made invaluable contributions to the success of these conferences.

      Alain Guinet

      Emeritus Professor

      Chairman of the GISEH Steering Committee, 2003–2020

      October 2021

      Preface

      Healthcare institutions will evolve towards becoming more innovative institutions by pursuing defined paths that consider risk factors and the collective and individual context of patients. They will take advantage of information technologies, scientific methods and mass data to prevent, anticipate, monitor and follow developments in public health, in order to intervene at the right time with the right tools. They will focus on people, be it the patient, the citizen or the caregivers by providing a high-performance health environment that meets safety, quality and productivity requirements.

      The theme of this book centers around the engineering and management of healthcare and healthcare institutions, with the aim of making them agile and integrated into their environments. The book thus deals with the “hospital” system and the path to good health: issues, prevention approaches, data/IT, organizational innovations and recent technological solutions. It also opens up new opportunities for improving hospital systems with advances in artificial intelligence, information systems and service robotics.

      The current context of the Covid-19 pandemic that we have been experiencing since early 2020 has only confirmed this need for openness, modernization and innovation in our healthcare systems. This crisis has shown us that we are vulnerable, that everyone is affected by these public health issues and that these can only be resolved through a collective and global effort. So, one wonders, what is the role of the hospital? Does it wait for a request for care? It is clear that the hospital cannot take care of everything and yet it should pay attention to everything. Our motivation for this book is to present scientific work that will allow our hospitals to evolve into innovative hospitals, open to their environment and efficient where health is concerned, not only to deliver care but also allowing citizens to prevent diseases and put their health at the heart of their priorities.

      Sondès Chaabane

      October 2021

PART 1 Optimization and Simulation of Healthcare Systems

      Summary of Contributions – Part 1

      Towards a Prototype for the Strategic Recomputing of Schedules in Home Care Services, by Cléa MARTINEZ, Maria DI MASCOLO, Marie-Laure ESPINOUSE and Jérôme RADUREAU.

      Home care is an alternative to traditional hospitalization to cope with aging populations and the increase in the number of vulnerable people whilst ensuring a good quality of life for patients. Even though these structures are developing more and more, the planning of their activities remains manual and can be time-consuming and exceedingly complex on a large scale. It is therefore essential to have effective solutions for planning interventions with an update mechanism to compensate for unforeseen events. This contribution therefore offers a decision support tool to solve the problem of long-term re-scheduling in the home care sector. A weekly planning update prototype was developed to meet a need expressed by a home care company operating in Auvergne Rhône-Alpes: Adomni-Quemera.

      Home Healthcare Scheduling Activities, by Rym BEN BACHOUCH JACQUIN and Jihene TOUNSI.

      Optimal Sizing of an Automated Dispensing Cabinet under Adjacency Constraints, by Khalid HACHEMI, Didier GOURC and François MARMIER.

      This contribution focuses on the dispensing phase of the medication circuit. This phase corresponds to the validation of the prescription, preparation and delivery of the medication. The main objective of the study is to minimize the errors that occur during this phase and, more specifically, in the case of automated dispensation cabinets. Such errors can occur when the cabinet is filled with the wrong product in the wrong place resulting in the wrong medication being delivered to the patient. To resolve this problem, the authors propose an algebraic model for the calculation of boundary conditions necessary for the allocation of medications to different compartments of a cabinet. This method must ensure that certain products are not placed in neighboring compartments due to the risk of confusion, which may lead to distribution errors, for example, medicinal products having a similar appearance, nomenclature or dosage. A modeling of the maximum permissive target problem (MPTP) has been proposed, as well as its resolution through a real-world digital application.

      Validation of an Automated and Targeted Pharmaceutical Analysis Tool at the CHU de Liège, by Sophie STREEL, Nathalie MAES, Véronique GONCETTE, Laurence SEIDEL, Denis MENAGER, Adelin ALBERT, Philippe KOLH and Didier MAESEN.

      This next contribution also looks at the medication flow, which can be a major challenge for a hospital. This flow is a complex and multidisciplinary process, which includes the clinical pathways (prescription, distribution, administration) and logistics (supply, transport, storage). The computerization of the medication flow at the “CHU de Liège” is widely implemented. This study describes how an automated and targeted pharmaceutical analysis tool was built, implemented and evaluated

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