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763–768.

      2 Van Merkesteyn, J.P., Bakker, D.J., and Van der Waal, I. (1984). Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws. Int. J. Oral Surg. 13 (5): 386–395.

       Raza A. Hussain, BDS DMD, FACS

       Pooja Gangwani, DDS, MPH

       Michael Miloro DMD, MD, FACS

       Patient Assessment

Implant condition Clinical and radiographic examination
Success No pain/tenderness upon functionNo mobility<2 mm of radiographic bone loss from initial surgeryNo exudate
Satisfactory state No pain on functionNo mobility2–4 mm of radiographic bone loss from initial surgeryNo exudate
Compromised state May have sensitivity on functionNo mobility>4 mm of radiographic bone loss from initial surgery or less than half length of an implantProbing depths >7 mmMay have exudate
Failure Pain upon functionPresence of mobilityRadiographic bone loss less than half length of an implantPresence of continuous exudateNo longer present in the oral cavity
At implant placementBone overheatingImplant surface contaminationLack of primary implant stabilityInfectionEccentric loading
Delayed (1–2 years)Poor soft tissue healthLack of keratinized tissuePeri‐implantitisPoor oral hygieneSystemic issues (e.g., smoking)Excessive biomechanical loadsProsthodontic issuesImplant and component fractures
Late (>2 years)Progressive steady‐state bone lossPoor hygiene maintenanceProsthodontic issues

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Condition Recommendations
Diabetes mellitus Glycemic control (HBA1c < 8), antibiotic prophylaxis
Jaw irradiation Consider dose and field, avoid implants, HBO prophylaxis
Smoking Smoking cessation or nicotine holiday, avoid implants
Corticosteroids Controversial, steroid holiday
Periodontal disease Correct prior to implant, oral hygiene instructions
Advanced age Accepted risk
Parafunctional habits Address before implants, bite appliances, physical therapy, medicines (Botox)
Osteoporosis Controversial