LITMIR.BIZ

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rel="nofollow" href="#ud3de415d-a84b-5e94-bd8c-0902fc233168">CHAPTER 75: Disorders of the vestibular system Introduction Vestibular anatomy Physiology and ageing of the vestibular apparatus Clinical aspects and diagnostic strategy Peripheral vestibular disorders Central vestibular disorders Neurological conditions Management References CHAPTER 76: Smell and taste Introduction Olfaction Taste References CHAPTER 77: Osteoporosis: burden, diagnosis, and management Introduction Global epidemiology of fragility fractures and regional disparities Burden of osteoporosis The osteoporosis treatment gap Intervention and assessment thresholds Management Conclusion References CHAPTER 78: Gait, balance, and falls Introduction Balance Gait Age‐related changes Falls Appendix 78.1 Appendix 78.2 References CHAPTER 79: Hip fracture and orthogeriatrics Background Diagnosis and classification Preoperative care Fracture repair and perioperative care Secondary fracture prevention Fracture liaison service Orthogeriatric collaboration and orthogeriatric models References CHAPTER 80: Foot problems Introduction Epidemiology of foot problems in older people Clinical assessment of foot problems Management of foot problems in older people The role of footwear Conclusion References SECTION 9: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders CHAPTER 81: Endocrinology of ageing Introduction The modern field of endocrinology Regulation of hormonal action General changes in regulation and action of major hormones of metabolism, reproduction, and growth with age Effects of ageing and related diseases on endocrine function Effects of common endocrine diseases on ageing The hormonal fountain of youth References CHAPTER 82: The pituitary gland Introduction Anatomy Blood supply Anterior pituitary disorders – clinical manifestations Anterior pituitary disorders – treatment References CHAPTER 83: Thyroid disorders Introduction Age‐related modifications in thyroid function Prevalence of thyroid disease in older populations Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Nonthyroidal illness (NTI) Thyroid nodules and nodular goitre Conclusion References CHAPTER 84: Ovarian function and menopause Introduction The biological basis of menopause

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