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in general. Therefore, people include risks in the price: they didn’t get it there, they didn’t get it, but they bounced back elsewhere.

      Construction organizations today are in extremely difficult conditions, when professionals are extremely expensive, and non-professionals are simply expensive, despite the fact that involving them in work has the risk of poor-quality work, violation of deadlines, destruction of building materials, etc. – in short, to losses, the fault of which is all of the above.

      Ways out of the situation

      I think I managed to show the deepest systemic crisis and imbalance in the industry. We do not have enough managers to sort it all out. People who are strictly forbidden to be trusted are allowed to manage the national economy. It is impossible to improve the situation without changing the socio-economic model, the right, including the electoral one.

      We urgently need:

      New training programs for managers from among specialists from various industries – "management" has not justified itself;

      New mechanisms for the selection and involvement in the state apparatus and the legislative branch of people who started their careers from the very bottom and have reached a certain level of professionalism, understanding all the specifics of their industry;

      Work on the education of citizens through the formation of a normal cultural environment, in which managers are also formed, and the adjustment of value orientations from personal benefit to personal contribution;

      The system of evaluation criteria and the procedure for the examination of state management decisions for their compliance with the long-term interests of citizens, with the introduction of criminal liability for their violation.

      2. Construction and democracy are incompatible

      Normal statement, right?

      And the point is this. At the heart of democracy is the election of officials of various levels.

      Often officials are representatives of any parties. In general, democracy creates a situation in which various people and entire parties are fighting for votes, for ratings and for winning elections.

      construction projects of various purposes, especially kindergartens, schools, stadiums, hospitals, houses for migrants, etc. , created “with their participation,” and often even in spite of such participation. become a sort of fat plus in the eyes of voters. Therefore, by the agreed date, or rather by the beginning of the elections, the objects must be handed over at all costs – this is the task facing those who are currently in power.

      There is another side of the coin. For example, the president approves some target program, allocates funds for its implementation, and sets specific deadlines. This applies to all the Olympics, International Economic Forums, and the elimination of the consequences of emergencies. The allocated funds are under special control, to break the deadlines is fraught with deprivation of access to the feeder and loss of position. But there are elective positions everywhere, it’s not easy to get this …

      So, democracy drives officials into a rigid framework in terms of monitoring the timing of the construction of facilities: on the one hand, voters and elections, on the other, higher-level officials who have exactly the same responsibility to society and a more significant level of tasks to achieve which they will not stand on ceremony with "local officials" for a long time.

      All this leads to tight deadlines for design and construction work, for the selection of contractors for their implementation. In general, an emergency. Is it necessary to explain that in such situations an unimaginable number of mistakes are made, threatening, among other things, the durability and safety of buildings. There are many examples of such errors and miscalculations.

      But deadlines are deadlines. Therefore, many violations remain uncorrected, or are corrected retroactively, after the ribbon is cut – anything can happen. And all these situations are excellent grounds for forced official forgery, when many, out of fear of losing their jobs, take work at their own peril and risk. Therefore, from the point of view of the safety of construction projects, democracy and elections are a clear hindrance.

      3. About some errors in construction documentation leading to losses

      I was approached by people from educational organizations, Internet portals that train workers or improve their qualifications, so that I would prepare for them some useful, scientifically oriented, “interesting for their audience” publications … And I told them that it makes no sense to teach their professionals to something like that, or retrain if they make thousands of the dumbest mistakes every day, the same ones over and over again, from which customers and contractors then have serious headaches, up to lawsuits and losses amounting to tens of millions within the framework of just one object…

      I insisted and insist on the fact that it is these very elementary examples that designers and estimators need to wash their heads on a daily basis. Personally, about 20% of my work at the construction site was involved in eliminating the consequences of all this – this must be stopped.

      You may also encounter them, so do not be too lazy to go through this material – it can help you more than once, at least by paying attention to it.

      3.1. Errors in the estimate documentation and their consequences – losses

      1. Errors in units or decimal places

      Not a very common mistake, but sometimes people make mistakes in the number of decimal places or units of measure. For example, meters – meters, are confused with tens or hundreds of meters – 10 meters, 100 meters, forgetting to divide or multiply the value by 10 or 100, respectively, less often – by 1000.

      On one of the objects worth about 700 million rubles. due to such errors, the total estimate turned out to be 90 million rubles. more than it should have been. That is, in fact, the estimates included hundreds or thousands of times more work or materials than can be applied in principle at this facility.

      For example, instead of the actual 26 square meters of plaster, the volume was indicated as 2,600 square meters, and instead of the actual 350 kilograms of reinforcement, 350 tons. The case is outstanding, but absolutely real.

      Thus, the total cost of these errors amounted to about 15% of the total cost estimate. All these works could not be performed, although they were in the estimate, so we had to bring the estimate in line and terminate the contract for the amount of erroneously overestimated volumes. All this certainly affected the profitability and the level of profitability of the object (the ratio of profit to the cost of work as a percentage).

      As a rule, those who use ready-made estimate documentation in their work notice such things, but those who draw it up do not notice. It is very bad when such moments are clarified already in the process of execution of the contract, when it remains only to state the fact of budget cuts.

      It is quite easy to detect errors in estimates if they are small – on 3-5 sheets, and it is almost impossible to immediately notice them if the estimate exceeds 50, 100 or 500 pages.

      However, there are benefits to be gained from this situation as well. Since funds have already been allocated for construction work, especially if the object is budgetary, the Customer can go to a meeting and spend the saved funds on other work that is necessary or on the purchase of any equipment with its installation, within the freed amount of within the framework of the contract already concluded with you, if it does not contain any prohibitions on this. As a rule, the amount of changes under government contracts cannot exceed 10% of the estimated cost.

      2. Errors in the types of work

      The second group of mistakes is when they forget to accidentally add some types of work to the estimate. Sometimes such errors violate the technological sequence of work as a whole, which can also lead to losses.

      Examples:

      We had a facility where work was to be done to strengthen the wall by installing buttresses. Their technological sequence was as follows: earthworks (clearing the work site from the ground, digging pits with an excavator and manually to a

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