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примерно 70 000 лет назад, когда численность человечества упала до очень низкого уровня. О том, что стало причиной этого конкретного «бутылочного горлышка», ведутся активные дискуссии. Говорят и о вулканической деятельности, и о социокультурных причинах, но большинство сходится на том, что главной причиной того, что наша популяция оказалась недостаточно велика, чтобы легко справиться с любым из этих событий, была длительная непредсказуемость климата. Заинтересованным читателям можем предложить познакомиться с несколькими материалами на эту тему: Tierney J. E., et al (2017). A climatic context for the out-of-Africa migration. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/ geology/article/45/11/1023/516677/A-climatic-context-for-the-outof-Africa-migration’; Huff C. D., et al (2010). Mobile elements reveal small population size in the ancient ancestors of Homo sapiens. https:// www.pnas.org/content/107/5/2147; Zeng T. C., et al (2018). Cultural hitchhiking and competition between patrilineal kin groups explain the post-Neolithic Y-chromosome bottleneck //Nature, https://www.nature. com/articles/s41467–018–04375–6.

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      Мы можем судить о средней температуре давних периодов по исследованию толщи льда, древесных колец и океанских осадочных пород. Они говорят о том, что за несколько сотен тысяч лет до эпохи голоцена средняя температура Земли была очень неустойчивой и в целом ниже, чем в наше время. НАСА опубликовало интересную статью, где говорится об этом подробнее: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/GlobalWarming/page3.php.

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