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of Contributors

      Sabreen Ahmed Section of Endocrinology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, LA USA

      Rami Almokayyad Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN USA

      Konstantin Astafurov NJRetina/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, NJ USA

      Andrew J. Barkmeier Department of Ophthalmology Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Michael Camilleri Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Robert Cuddihy International Diabetes Center World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Diabetes Education, Translation and Computer Technology Minneapolis, MN USA

      Recie Davern Department of Medicine and Endocrinology/Diabetes Mellitus University College Hospital Galway and National University of Ireland Galway Ireland

      Sean F. Dinneen Discipline of Medicine NUI Galway Galway Ireland and Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland

      Fidelma P. Dunne Galway Diabetes Research Centre National University of Ireland Galway Ireland

      Aoife M. Egan Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Vivian Fonseca Section of Endocrinology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, LA USA

      Robert L. Frye Department of Cardiovascular Disease Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Praveena Gandikota Endocrine, Diabetes and Nutrition Division Department of Medicine St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital New York, NY USA

Kristen Gonzales Department of Internal Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque, NM USA

      Kristin GrdinovacUniversity of Kansas Kansas City, KS USA

      Tomás P. Griffin Discipline of Medicine NUI Galway Galway Ireland and Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland

      Chase Dean Hendrickson, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN USA

      Shubhada Jagasia Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN USA

      Ravinder Jeet Kaur Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Jacob Kohlenberg Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Yogish C. Kudva Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Blandine Laferrère Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Obesity Research Center Department of Medicine St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, NY USA

      Chiam Leker Locker Department of Cardiovascular Disease Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Madeline K. Mahowald Department of Cardiovascular Disease Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      John M. Miles University of Kansas Kansas City, KS USA

      Kalpana Muthusamy Division of Endocrinology Olmsted Medical Center Rochester, MN USA

      Timothy O'Brien Department of Medicine and Endocrinology/Diabetes Mellitus University College Hospital Galway and National University of Ireland Galway Ireland

      Aonghus O'Loughlin Discipline of Medicine NUI Galway Galway Ireland and Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Galway University Hospitals Galway Ireland

      Silvia Pieralice Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes Campus Bio‐Medico University of Rome Rome Italy

      Paolo Pozzilli Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes Campus Bio‐Medico University of Rome Rome Italy

      Philip Raskin Clifton and Betsy Robinson Chair in Biomedical Research University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, TX USA

      John W. Richard III Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas Dallas, TX USA

      Shafaq R. Rizvi Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Meera Shah Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Vinaya Simha Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

Mandeep Singh Department of Cardiovascular Disease Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Steve A. Smith Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Saritha Tirumalasetty Section of Endocrinology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, LA USA

      Adrian Vella Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN USA

      Alexander J. Williams Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, TN USA

      Preface

      While a week may be a long time in politics, the decade that has elapsed since the original publication of Clinical Dilemmas in Diabetes could be considered to be a very (very) long time given the developments in clinical practice that occurred. New therapeutics for the treatment of dyslipidemia and diabetes have appeared. Progress in the development of an artificial pancreas and in sensor technology has improved the care of type 1 diabetes and some diabetes medications may directly alter cardiovascular outcomes. However, the original motivations behind the book—translating trial data into clinical practice—remain very relevant. The astute clinician will need to balance risks and benefits, convenience and cost with changing clinical needs, comorbidities, and patients’ social structures.

      As before, the topics covered deserve discussion and debate to avoid making every square peg fit into the round hole of an algorithm or guideline. There has been an expansion in the areas covered, reflecting my initial desire for a book that reflects the growing facets of metabolic care.

      I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Robert A. Rizza MD, who served as a co-editor for the first edition of the book and as always serves as a sounding board for many of my ideas. None of this would have been possible without him. Of course, the other important characters in this saga would be my parents—especially my father, who has now retired from General Practice—but whose approach to problems I have always tried to emulate. Last, but not least, I am very grateful to my wife Elsa, who hung on gamely while I edited proofs of the first edition during our honeymoon, and to our children Katie and Lucy, who are always along for the ride.

PART I Prediabetes and the Diagnosis of Diabetes

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