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Atlas of Endoscopic Ultrasonography. Группа авторов
Читать онлайн.Название Atlas of Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9781119523031
Автор произведения Группа авторов
Жанр Медицина
Издательство John Wiley & Sons Limited
Figure 7.1 Image of the liver scanned by radial ultrasound.
Figure 7.2 Celiac artery imaging by linear ultrasound.
Figure 7.3 Image of liver by linear ultrasound.
Radial endosonography
With the echoendoscope in the gastric cardia the left kidney is readily visualized. One can see the calyceal system and the renal vessels (Figure 7.6). To visualize the right kidney the echoscope is placed in the D‐3 position. Visualization of the IVC and aorta provide easily identifiable landmarks. Upon slow withdrawal, the image brings into view the right kidney immediately right of the probe along with the right renal vein and artery. As the kidney is traced proximally, lateral deflection of the tip may bring into view the right adrenal gland.
Figure 7.4 Image of spleen by radial ultrasound.
Figure 7.5 Image of spleen by linear ultrasound.
Linear endosonography
With a linear scope one can withdraw the scope in the fundus posteriorly towards the pancreas until the tail is visualized and then push the scope inferiorly to see the left kidney (Figure 7.7). To view the right kidney, the probe is placed just below the level of the papilla and counterclockwise rotation brings into view the right kidney and its vascular structures. Slow withdrawal allows for visualization of the right adrenal glands.
Figure 7.6 Image of left kidney by radial ultrasound.
Figure 7.7 Image of left kidney by linear ultrasound.
Adrenal glands
Radial endosonography
With the probe in the gastric fundus, the left adrenal gland can be found immediately proximal to the celiac artery and left of the aorta. It is seen as an echo‐poor, thin strip of tissue (“seagull” shaped). The left adrenal gland can also be located by tracing the left kidney cephalad, located medial to the upper pole of the kidney (Figure 7.8).
Figure 7.8 Image of left adrenal gland by radial ultrasound.
Figure 7.9 Image of left adrenal gland by linear ultrasound.
Linear endosonography
With the probe at the level of the celiac trunk take‐off, slight clockwise rotation brings into view the left adrenal gland seen as a thin echo‐poor structure (Figure 7.9).
Chapter video clips
Video 7.1 Normal imaging of liver, spleen, kidney, and adrenal by radial ultrasound. Source: Aloka.
Video 7.2 Normal imaging of liver, spleen, kidney, and adrenal by linear ultrasound. Source: Aloka.
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