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158 Zhang, Y., Peng, H., Huang, W., Zhou, Y., & Yan, D. (2008). Facile preparation and characterization of highly antimicrobial colloid Ag or Au nanoparticles. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 325(2), 371–376.
Keywords
Antibiotics
antibiotics carriers
antibiotic efflux
antibiotic resistance
antimicrobial
antimicrobial activity
application of nanomaterials
bandgap energy
biofilm
capping agent
carbon nano tubes
classification of nanomaterials
copper nanoparticles
functionalization of nanomaterials
Gram‐negative bacteria
Gram‐positive bacteria
inorganic nanomaterials
metallic nanoparticles
metal oxides
nano‐bio interface
nanomaterials
nanostructures
nanoparticles
one dimensional nanomaterials
organic nanomaterials
oxidative stress
photocatalysis
reactive oxygen species
roughness
shape
silver nanoparticles
size
three‐dimensional nanomaterials
titanium dioxide
two‐dimensional nanomaterials
zero‐dimensional nanomaterials
zeta potential
zinc oxide nanoparticles
Glossary
Antagonist:substance that inhibits or interrupts the action or function of any another substance.Antibiotics:antimicrobial drugs that inhibit the growth or kill bacteria such as penicillin and ciprofloxacin.Antimicrobials:the substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microbes such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Antimicrobials include antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agents. Antibiotics are one type of antimicrobials that act as antibacterial agents.Bacteria:living organisms that belong to the family of unicellular microbes that have cell wall but are devoid of an organized nucleus and cell organelles. Bacteria can be both helpful and can cause infections or illness such as pneumonia and strep throat.Bandgap energy:the energy that is required by valence band electron to excite into conduction band.Cells:small microscopic structures that form the basic structural and functional unit of every living organism. They consist of primarily two compartments nucleus and cytoplasm that are enclosed in a membrane.CNTs:carbon nano tubes are a sheet of carbon atoms that are rolled up to form a tube, which generally measures in nanometers.Crystal:solid material that has a regular or periodic arrangement of its constituent atoms or molecule to form a crystal lattice extending in all the three directions.Dendrimers:nanosized, highly branched, radially symmetric molecules that form a tree‐like structure with high homogeneity and monodispersity.DNA:deoxyribonucleic acid: the substance or molecule that is present in nearly all living organisms which contains genetic code that constitutes the chromosomes with self‐replicating potential.Facets:flat faces on a geometric shape.Glycoproteins:type of proteins where amino acid chain is covalently attached to carbohydrate (oligosaccharide chain). The oligosaccharide attachment occurs during post‐translational modification of protein.Micelles:an aggregate or organized auto‐assembly of amphiphilic macromolecules in colloidal solution.Multidrug‐resistant microbe:microbe that is resistant to more than one kind of antibiotics.Nanofluids:the fluids that consist of nanometer‐sized particles. Base fluids that are added with colloidal suspension of nanosized particles.Nanomaterials:minuscule structures having at least one of their dimensions equal to or between 1 and 100 nmNanoscale:having geometric dimensions less than 100 nm.Nanotechnology:production, characterization, and application of structures, devices, and systems where their atoms or molecules are engineered to be the size of nanometer (1–100 nm).Periplasm:the space consisting of concentrated gel‐like matrix that lies between the outer cell membrane and inner cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria.Photocatalysis:process of accelerating a chemical reaction or process by direct irradiation or by irradiating a catalyst, which in turn decreases the activation energy for the reaction to occur.Photo‐Fenton oxidation:generation of highly oxidizing species such as hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide and Fe II ions enhanced with irradiation of UV light to treat or degrade organic contents in waste water.Polycrystalline:solid material where several crystalline units are oriented randomly with varying size. Most of the inorganic materials such as common metals and ceramics are polycrystalline in nature.Submicron:on a scale of 10−6, smaller than one millionth of a meter.Therapeutics:a branch of medicine that deals with disease treatment modalities and the action of the curing agents.Zeta potential:the potential difference between the surface of solid material or particle dispersed in a conducting liquid and the bulk of the liquid.
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