Lifestyle Medicine - Ifeoma Monye

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is a good practice to have a relapse prevention plan constructed for each behaviour change and the plan reviewed as the patient’s life circumstances change (Larimer et al. 1999; Kelly and Shull 2019, p. 50).

      51 C CBT assists with problem solving and deeper understanding of underlying challenges (Trifu et al. 2019; Beck 2020).

      52 A A relapse is a sustained period when an action plan is not followed (Larimer et al. 1999; Witkiewitz and Marlatt 2004).

      53 A A lapse is a short period when an action plan was not followed (Larimer et al. 1999; Witkiewitz and Marlatt 2004).

      54 B A relapse prevention plan should explore triggers for lapses such as when, under what circumstances, with whom, and who to turn to during a relapse (Kelly and Shull 2019, p. 50).

      55 D Support with digital self‐help apps (Kelly and Shull 2019, p. 46).

      56 B Encouraging a significant other to help remind you of your action plan when they notice a lapse is the most appropriate advice (Kelly and Shull 2019, p. 50).

      57 B Ensure action plans are completed based on readiness for appropriate behaviour change. Action plans should be written and reviewed at each visit (Kelly and Shull 2019, p. 48).

      58 A The confronting patient should be avoided and positive psychology applied instead (Wong 2011; Fredrickson and Joiner 2018).

      59 A Successes, not failures, should be discussed first (Wong 2011; Fredrickson and Joiner 2018).

      60 A Lifestyle prescriptions are based on scientific evidence and the patient’s medical condition (Lianov and Johnson 2010; Kelly and Shull 2019, p. 45).

      61 B The interviewer should develop a discrepancy between where the patient is and what he wants (Yakovenko et al. 2015; Soderlund 2018; Tolchin et al. 2019).

      62 A CBT assists with a deeper understanding of the underlying challenges. The other options describe motivational interviewing techniques (Trifu et al. 2019; Beck 2020).

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      10 Frates, E.P. and Bonnet, J. (2016). Collaboration and negotiation: the key to therapeutic lifestyle change. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 10 (5): L302–L312.

      11 Fredrickson, B.L. and Joiner, T. (2018). Reflections on positive emotions and upward spirals. Perspectives on Psychological Science 13 (2): 194–199.

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      18 Kelly, J. and Shull, J. (2019). Foundations of Lifestyle Medicine: Lifestyle Medicine Board Review Manual, 2ee, 39–61. American College of Lifestyle Medicine.

      19 LaMorte, W.W. (2018). Behavioural Change Models: The Health Belief Model. Boston University, School of Public Health.

      20 Larimer, M.E., Palmer, R.S., and Marlatt, G.A. (1999). Relapse prevention: an overview of Marlatt’s cognitive‐behavioural model. Alcohol Research & Health 23 (2): 151.

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      22 Lianov, L. and Johnson, M. (2010). Physician competencies for prescribing lifestyle medicine. JAMA 304 (2): 202–203. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.903.

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      27 Selçuk‐Tosun, A. and Zincir, H. (2019). The effect of a transtheoretical model–based motivational interview on self‐efficacy, metabolic control, and health behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Practice 25 (4): e12742.

      28 Sheppard, J. and Thomas, C.B. (2020). Community pharmacists and communication in the time of COVID‐19: applying the health belief model. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy.

      29 Soderlund, P.D. (2018). Effectiveness of motivational interviewing for improving physical activity self‐management for adults with type 2 diabetes: a review. Chronic Illness 14 (1): 54–68.

      30 Stewart, E.E. and Fox, C.H. (2011). Encouraging patients to change unhealthy behaviours with motivational interviewing. Family Practice Management 18 (3): 21. https://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/patient_care/nrn/motivinterview2.pdf.

      31 Stokols,

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