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Clathrate Hydrates All-inclusive reference on clathrate hydrates from a molecular perspective Clathrate hydrates are crystalline water-based inclusion compounds many of which form at high pressures and low temperatures. Molecular science has provided the foundation for many areas of modern hydrate research and applications ranging from desalination processes to flow assurance in oil and gas pipelines. Clathrate Hydrates provides detailed information on the molecular science aspects of hydrate research, covering the structural, compositional, spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties of clathrate hydrates as well as simulation methods and selected engineering applications. Edited and authored by recognized leaders in the field, this comprehensive resource introduces readers to clathrate hydrates and reviews the state-of-the-art of the field. In-depth chapters address different areas of specialization such as characterization of clathrate hydrates using NMR spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray and neutron diffraction and scattering. Highlights recent developments in clathrate hydrate research and applications such as natural gas recovery, desalination, and gas separation Reviews various molecular simulation methods for characterizing clathrate hydrates, including quantum mechanical calculations and Monte Carlo results Contains tables of known guest molecules, summaries of structural and physical properties, and different classes of clathrate hydrate phase equilibria Introduces unconventional guest-host interactions, related non-hydrate clathrates, and space-filling cages using the Frank-Kasper approach Covers the molecular motion of guest and host molecules and the relationship between cage geometry and guest dynamics Presents the rate and mechanisms of hydrate formation and decomposition from both macroscopic and microscopic points Clathrate Hydrates: Molecular Science and Characterization is an indispensable reference for materials scientists, physical chemists, chemical engineers, geochemists, and graduate students in relevant areas of science and engineering.

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Der immer tiefgreifendere Einzug der Digitalisierung in allen Phasen des Bauens und die detaillierte Zusammenstellung von Instandsetzungsstrategien für den Hoch- und Ingenieurbau sind die bestimmenden Themen des Beton-Kalender 2022. <br> In drei eigenständigen Beiträgen erhalten Sie einen umfassenden Überblick zum derzeitigen Regelwerk für den Schutz und die Instandhaltung von Betonbauwerken in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. In weiteren Beiträgen wird über neue Erhaltungsstrategien für Brücken und Bundesfernstraßen in Deutschland berichtet. Abgerundet wird dieser erste Themenkomplex mit einer kritischen und wegweisenden Diskussion um die Nachhaltigkeit im Betonbau. <br> Unter dem Schwerpunkt «Digitalisierung» finden Sie einen umfassenden Überblick zum aktuellen Stand von digitaler Fertigung im Betonbau und den Herausforderungen, welche das digitale Bauen und Planen für Ingenieure bereithalten. In weiteren Beiträgen wird über die Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes schwacher Künstlicher Intelligenz für ingenieurtechnische Anwendungen und den aktuellen Stand der additiven Fertigung im Betonbau berichtet. <br> Weitere Beiträge befassen sich mit den Besonderheiten der Tragwerksplanung im Bestand, speziell in Österreich, sowie mit den Möglichkeiten zur Verstärkung von Tragwerken mit Carbonbeton. Den Abschluss des diesjährigen Kalenders bildet ein Hintergrundbeitrag zur Notwendigkeit und den Zielen der Neufassung der DAfStb-Richtlinie «Belastungsversuche an Betonbauwerken» sowie der vollständige Abdruck der Richtlinie in der Ausgabe von Juli 2020 im Kapitel «Normen und Regelwerke». <br> <br>

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Create an eye-catching outdoor oasis with this no-nonsense guide to landscaping As families spend more time at home, they're expanding their living space to their yards, decks, and patios. When you're ready to upgrade the look of your landscape, Landscaping For Dummies offers advice on installing fences and walkways, choosing hardy plants and trees, and enhancing natural habitats for the critters and creatures lurking in your neighborhood. You'll find out how to make your backyard a relaxing retreat space and discover the enjoyment and satisfaction that comes from working in your yard. Landscaping For Dummies includes: Lists of recommended plants and varieties, including the best ones for privacy plantings, low-maintenance groundcovers, and small gardens Advice on how to deal with special landscaping concerns, including fire-prone areas, bee and butterfly gardens, and drought-tolerant and native landscapes Instructions on installing permanent features like decks, patios, fences, and more Pointers on how to water more efficiently, including the latest tools and technologies that can save you time With a little bit of planning and some digging, trimming, or planting, you'll be set to enjoy your yard whenever the mood strikes. Let Landscaping For Dummies be your guide to making the most of your outdoor space.

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GAS INSULATED SUBSTATIONS An essential reference guide to gas-insulated substations[/b] The second edition of Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) is an all-inclusive reference guide to gas insulated substations (GIS) and its advanced technologies. Updated to the latest technical developments and applications, the guide covers basic physics of gas insulated systems, SF6 insulating gas and its alternatives, safety aspects and factors to choose GIS. GIS technology, its modular structure, control and monitoring systems, testing, installation rules and guidelines for operation, specification, and maintenance. Detailed information on various types for GIS, with 14 reference project explanations and three extensive case studies give information for the best solutions of practical applications. Special solutions using mobile substations concepts, mixed technology switchgear (MTS) with air and gas insulated technology, underground substations, and the use of special GIS substation buildings e.g., shopping centers, parking lots, city parks, business complexes’ or subway stations are explained. Future developments of GIS technology are shown for the next steps in alternatives to SF6, low power instrument transformers, and digitalization of substations. A new chapter explains advanced technologies applied to GIS projects which cover the following; environmental issues for the substation permission process, insulation coordination studies for the network requirements including very fast transients, project scope development, risk-based asset management, health and safety impact, electromagnetic fields, SF6 decomposition byproducts and condition assessment. Disruptive development steps in gas insulated substations technologies are also covered in this second edition. Vacuum breaking and switching technology for rated voltages of up to 500 kV is explained in detail with its physical background. Principle function and possible implementation of low power instrument transformers (LPIT) are explained and examples of applications are given. The principles of digital twin for gas insulated substations (GIS) and gas insulated transmission lines (GIL) are explained in theory and project applications show the practical use and advantage. The wide and fast-growing technical field of offshore GIS applications for AC and DC is explained on many examples and gives information on special requirements when getting offshore. Theoretical requirements on DC gas insulated systems, methods of testing, prototype installation tests, modular design features, and advantages in applications are given. Finally, impact and advantages of digital substations using GIS are explained. Key features: Written by leading GIS experts involved in development and project applications Discusses practical and theoretical aspects Detailed material of GIS for new and experienced GIS users, and project planners Invaluable guide to practicing electrical, mechanical and civil engineers as well as third- and fourth-year electric power engineering students

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