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      CYCLE OF FIRE

      STEPHEN J. PYNE

      “Cycle of Fire” is a suite of books that collectively narrate the story

      of how fire and humanity have interacted to shape the Earth.

      “Cycle” is an apt description of how fire functions in the natural world.

      Yet “cycle” also bears a mythic connotation: a set of sagas

      that tell the life of a culture hero. Here that role belongs to fire.

      Ranging across all continents and over thousands of years,

      the Cycle shows Earth to be a fire planet in which

      carbon-based terrestrial life and an oxygen-rich atmosphere

      have combined to make combustion both elementary and inevitable.

      Equally, the Cycle reveals humans as fire creatures, alternately

      dependent upon and threatened by their monopoly over combustion.

      Fire’s possession began humanity’s great dialogue with the Earth.

      “Cycle of Fire” tells, for the first time, that epic story.

       World Fire: The Culture of Fire on Earth

       Vestal Fire: An Environmental History, Told through Fire,of Europe and Europe’s Encounter with the World

       Fire in America: A Cultural History of Wildland and Rural Fire

       Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia

       The Ice: A Journey to Antarctica

      “Cycle of Fire” is part of Weyerhaeuser Environmental Books,

      published by the University of Washington Press

      under the general editorship of William Cronon.

      A complete list of Weyerhaeuser Environmental Books

      appears at the end of this volume.

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      “Mr. Phipps and Bowman engaging the blacks who attempted to burn us out, March 15, 1856, Depot Creek, Victoria River,” by Thomas Baines. Courtesy Royal Geographical Society.

       BURNING BUSH

       A Fire History of Australia

      STEPHEN J. PYNE

      With a Foreword by William Cronon and a New Preface by the Author

      University of Washington Press

       Seattle & London

      Burning Bush: A Fire History of Australia by Stephen J. Pyne has been published with the assistance of a grant from the Weyerhaeuser Environmental Books Endowment, established by the Weyerhaeuser Company Foundation, members of the Weyerhaeuser family, and Janet and Jack Creighton.

      Copyright © 1991 by Stephen J. Pyne

      First published by Henry Holt and Company, Inc., New York

      Paperback edition published by the University of Washington Press in 1998

      Foreword and Preface to the University of Washington Press

      paperback edition copyright © 1998 by the University of Washington Press

      All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      ISBN 0–295–97677–2

      Maps by Barbara Trapido

      TO SONJA, LYDIA, MOLLY—

       tolerant pynes who made room for gums

       Contents

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       Foreword by William Cronon

       Preface to the 1998 Paperback Edition

       Preface to the Original Edition: Firestick History

       Map of Australia

       Map of Australia’s Vegetation

       Prologue: Dust to Dust

       BOOK I: THE EUCALYPT

       1. The Universal Australian

       2. Unimaginable Freaks of Fire: Profile of a Pyrophyte

       3. Red Centre: Fire Regimes of Old Australia

       4. Land of Contrarities

       BOOK II: THE ABORIGINE

       5. Flaming Front

       6. Firestick Farmer: Profile of a Pyrophile

       7. Fires of the Dreaming

       8. Smokes by Day, Fires by Night: Fire Regimes of Aboriginal Australia

       9. This Wonderful Depository of Fire

       BOOK III: THE EUROPEAN

       10. Entwining Fire

       11. Reconnaissance by Fire: Education of a Pyrophile

       12. Red Steers and Green Pick

       13. Beyond the Black Stump

       14. Fire Conservancy

       15. Burning Off: Fire Provinces of European Australia

       16. When the Billy Boiled

       BOOK IV: THE NEW AUSTRALIAN

      

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