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      Following the Ball

       Ohio University Research in International Studies

      This series of publications on Africa, Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Global and Comparative Studies is designed to present significant research, translation, and opinion to area specialists and to a wide community of persons interested in world affairs. The series is distributed worldwide. For more information, consult the Ohio University Press website, ohioswallow.com.

      Books in the Ohio University Research in International Studies series are published by Ohio University Press in association with the Center for International Studies. The views expressed in individual volumes are those of the authors and should not be considered to represent the policies or beliefs of the Center for International Studies, Ohio University Press, or Ohio University.

      Executive Editor: Gillian Berchowitz

      Following the Ball

      THE MIGRATION OF AFRICAN SOCCER PLAYERS ACROSS THE PORTUGUESE COLONIAL EMPIRE, 1949–1975

      Todd Cleveland

      Ohio University Research in International Studies

      Global and Comparative Studies Series No. 16

      Ohio University Press

      Athens

      Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio 45701

       ohioswallow.com

      © 2017 by Ohio University Press

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      Printed in the United States of America The books in the Ohio University Research in International Studies Series are printed on acid-free paper

      27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 5 4 3 2 1

      Hardcover ISBN 978-0-89680-313-8

      Paperback ISBN 978-0-89680-314-5

      Electronic ISBN 978-0-89680-499-9

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available

      To footballers everywhere, especially my two favorite players:

       Lucas and Byers

       Contents

       List of Illustrations

       Acknowledgments

       Introduction

       CHAPTER 1: Foundations The Introduction and Consumption of Soccer in Lusophone Africa

       CHAPTER 2: Engaging with the Game African Practitioners in the Colonies

       CHAPTER 3: Following the Ball, Realizing a Goal From the Colonies to the Metropole

       CHAPTER 4: Successes, Setbacks, and Strategies Football and Life in the Metropole

       CHAPTER 5: Calculated Conciliation Apoliticism in a Politically Charged Context

       Epilogue

       Notes

       Bibliography

       Index

       Illustrations

       Figures

       I.1. Eusébio leaving the pitch following the 1966 World Cup loss to England

       1.1. Replica propaganda map

       2.1. Clube Ferroviário de Lourenço Marques headquarters, 2012

       4.1. Académica’s starting eleven, prior to a March 5, 1961, match versus FC Porto

       5.1. Street scene in Coimbra, 1958, with Araújo, Mário Wilson, and Chipenda

       5.2. The former site of the Lisbon CEI

       E.1 Eusébio monument/shrine, January 2014

       Map

       Portugal and its former colonies in Africa

       Acknowledgments

      The process of researching and writing this book was extremely enjoyable, at times exciting, and, most importantly, it generated opportunities to interact with athletes, scholars, and others from across the globe. The research commenced in Portugal, and the first stops were, as is often the case, the Biblioteca Nacional and the Torre do Tombo. Staff at both repositories were, as always, professional and helpful. I also conducted research, for the first time, at Portugal’s Ministério da Educação, where the staff were both patient and supportive, as were staff members at the Biblioteca Municipal de Coimbra. While I was based in Portugal, Adriano Cardoso and Luis Fazendeiro proved to be excellent research assistants, and even better travel companions, as we engaged in the process of tracking down, contacting, and journeying—via rental car, ferry, train, taxi, bus, metro, and, of course, on foot—to interview former players and coaches throughout Portugal. My great friend Jorge Varanda participated in this manner as well, and in so many other ways. At various times during my series of research trips to Portugal, Nina Tiesler and Cláudia Castelo provided key insights into various aspects of this history and were otherwise generous with their time and levels of assistance. I was also fortunate to have met Nuno Domingos and Rahul Kumar. Experts in Portuguese football—past and present—they patiently assisted as I slowly grasped the major developments and contours of this fascinating history and provided the type of support that would have suggested we had been lifelong friends. Even as this project concludes, I look forward to ongoing interactions with Nuno and Rahul.

      As the research transitioned to Africa, Gil Filipe and Hélio Maúngue played roles similar to those of Adriano and Luis in Portugal; I am grateful to have worked with both of them. In Maputo, Moira Forjaz introduced me to Paola Rolletta—author of Finta finta—whose knowledge of Mozambican football far outpaces mine, but who demonstrated the same type of patience and assistance that Nuno and Rahul had back in Portugal. While in Mozambique, Dave Morton made a series of key introductions and greatly enhanced the time I spent there, while also making ongoing contributions to the project.

      Others provided support away from my fieldwork sites, including Tom Paradise, who generated the two maps that appear in the book; and Marlino Mubai, who transcribed most of the interviews—a demanding endeavor, as

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