LITMIR.BIZ

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more than 3 million refugees and Iran about 3 million. About 1.4 million Afghan refugees remain in Pakistan and about 2 million in Iran. Another 1 million probably moved into and around urban areas within Afghanistan. Although reliable data are unavailable, gross domestic product is lower than 12 years ago because of the loss of labor and capital and the disruption of trade and transport. National product: GDP $NA National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $243 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: fruits and nuts, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton, hides and pelts, precious and semi-precious gems partners: FSU countries, Pakistan, Iran, Germany, India, UK, Belgium, Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia Imports: $737 million (c.i.f., 1991) commodities: food and petroleum products; most consumer goods partners: FSU countries, Pakistan, Iran, Japan, Singapore, India, South Korea, Germany External debt: $2.3 billion (March 1991 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 2.3% (FY91 est.); accounts for about 25% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 480,000 kW production: 1 billion kWh consumption per capita: 60 kWh (1992) Industries: small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, and cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, oil, coal, copper Agriculture: largely subsistence farming and nomadic animal husbandry; cash products - wheat, fruits, nuts, karakul pelts, wool, mutton Illicit drugs: an illicit cultivator of opium poppy and cannabis for the international drug trade; world's second-largest opium producer after Burma (680 metric tons in 1993) and a major source of hashish Economic aid: recipient: $450 million US assistance provided 1985–1993; USAID will stop all programs by mid-1994; the UN provides assistance in the form of food aid, immunization, land mine removal, and a wide range of aid to refugees and displaced persons Currency: 1 afghani (AF) = 100 puls Exchange rates: afghanis (Af) per US$1 - 1,900 (January 1994), 1,019 (March 1993), 850 (1991), 700 (1989–90), 220 (1988–89); note - these rates reflect the free market exchange rates rather than the official exchange rates Fiscal year: 21 March - 20 March

      @Afghanistan, Communications

      Railroads:

       9.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gauge from Gushgy (formerly Kushka)

       (Turkmenistan) to Towraghondi and 15.0 km from Termiz (Uzbekistan) to

       Kheyrabad transshipment point on south bank of Amu Darya

       Highways:

       total:

       21,000 km

       paved:

       2,800 km

       unpaved:

       gravel 1,650 km; earth 16,550 km (1984)

       Inland waterways:

       total navigability 1,200 km; chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels

       up to about 500 metric tons

       Pipelines:

       petroleum products - Uzbekistan to Bagram and Turkmenistan to

       Shindand; natural gas 180 km

       Ports:

       Shir Khan and Kheyrabad (river ports)

       Airports:

       total:

       42

       usable:

       35

       with permanent-surface runways:

       9

       with runways over 3,659 m:

       0

       with runways 2,440–3,659 m:

       10

       with runways 1,220–2,439 m:

       17

       Telecommunications:

       limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; television

       introduced in 1980; 31,200 telephones; numerous cellular telephones;

       broadcast stations - 5 AM, no FM, 1 TV; 1 satellite earth station

      @Afghanistan, Defense Forces

      Branches:

       the military still does not yet exist on a national scale; some

       elements of the former Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National

       Guard, Border Guard Forces, National Police Force (Sarandoi), and

       tribal militias remain intact but are factionalized among the various

       mujahedin and former regime leaders

       Manpower availability:

       males age 15–49 4,188,036; fit for military service 2,245,196; reach

       military age (22) annually 158,335 (1994 est.)

       Defense expenditures:

       the new government has not yet adopted a defense budget

      @Albania, Geography

      Location:

       Balkan State, Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula between

       Serbia and Montenegro and Greece

       Map references:

       Africa, Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe, Standard Time Zones

       of the World

       Area:

       total area:

       28,750 sq km

       land area:

       27,400 sq km

       comparative area:

       slightly larger than Maryland

       Land boundaries:

       total 720 km, Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

       151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km (114 km with Serbia, 173 km with

       Montenegro)

       Coastline:

       362 km

       Maritime claims:

       continental shelf:

       not specified

       territorial sea:

       12 nm

       International disputes:

       Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbia and

       Montenegro, and the Albanian Government supports the Kosovo position

       politically

       Climate:

       mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers;

       interior is cooler and wetter

       Terrain:

       mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast

       Natural resources:

       petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber, nickel

       Land use:

       arable land:

       21%

       permanent crops:

       4%

       meadows and pastures:

       15%

       forest and woodland:

       38%

       other:

       22%

       Irrigated land:

       4,230 sq km (1989)

       Environment:

       current issues:

       deforestation

       natural hazards:

       subject to destructive earthquakes; tsunami occur along southwestern

       coast

       international agreements:

       party to - Biodiversity

       Note:

       strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to

      

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