LITMIR.BIZ

Скачать книгу

       Climate:

       varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid

       Terrain:

       rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills,

       lowland plains of the Amazon Basin

       Natural resources:

       tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron

       ore, lead, gold, timber

       Land use:

       arable land:

       3%

       permanent crops:

       0%

       meadows and pastures:

       25%

       forest and woodland:

       52%

       other:

       20%

       Irrigated land:

       1,650 sq km (1989 est.)

       Environment:

       current issues:

       deforestation contributing to loss of biodiversity; overgrazing; soil

       erosion; desertification; industrial pollution of water supplies used

       for drinking and irrigation

       natural hazards:

       flooding in the northeast (March to April)

       international agreements:

       party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands; signed, but

       not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental

       Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine

       Life Conservation, Tropical Timber

       Note:

       landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable

       lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru; cold, thin air of high plateau is

       obstacle to efficient fuel combustion, as well as to physical activity

       by those unaccustomed to it from birth

      @Bolivia, People

      Population:

       7,719,445 (July 1994 est.)

       Population growth rate:

       2.28% (1994 est.)

       Birth rate:

       32.22 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

       Death rate:

       8.37 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

       Net migration rate:

       −1.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)

       Infant mortality rate:

       73.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)

       Life expectancy at birth:

       total population:

       63.31 years

       male:

       60.86 years

       female:

       65.88 years (1994 est.)

       Total fertility rate:

       4.21 children born/woman (1994 est.)

       Nationality:

       noun:

       Bolivian(s)

       adjective:

       Bolivian

       Ethnic divisions:

       Quechua 30%, Aymara 25%, mestizo (mixed European and Indian ancestry)

       25%-30%, European 5%-15%

       Religions:

       Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist)

       Languages:

       Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official)

       Literacy:

       age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

       total population:

       78%

       male:

       85%

       female:

       71%

       Labor force:

       3.54 million

       by occupation:

       agriculture NA, services and utilities 20%, manufacturing, mining and

       construction 7% (1993)

      @Bolivia, Government

      Names:

       conventional long form:

       Republic of Bolivia

       conventional short form:

       Bolivia

       local long form:

       Republica de Bolivia

       local short form:

       Bolivia

       Digraph:

       BL

       Type:

       republic

       Capital:

       La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of

       judiciary)

       Administrative divisions:

       9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca,

       Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija

       Independence:

       6 August 1825 (from Spain)

       National holiday:

       Independence Day, 6 August (1825)

       Constitution:

       2 February 1967

       Legal system:

       based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; has not accepted compulsory

       ICJ jurisdiction

       Suffrage:

       18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age,

       universal and compulsory (single)

       Executive branch:

       chief of state and head of government:

       President Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA Bustamente (since 6 August 1993);

       Vice President Victor Hugo CARDENAS Conde (since 6 August 1993);

       election last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held May 1997); results -

       Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA (MNR) 34%, Hugo BANZER Suarez (ADN/MIR

       alliance) 20%, Carlos PALENQUE Aviles (CONDEPA) 14%, Max FERNANDEZ

       Rojas (UCS) 13%, Antonio ARANIBAR Quiroga (MBL) 5%; no candidate

       received a majority of the popular vote; Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA won

       a congressional runoff election on 4 August 1993 after forming a

       coalition with Max FERNANDEZ and Antonio ARANIBAR

       cabinet:

       Cabinet; appointed by the president from panel proposed by the Senate

       Legislative branch:

       bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional)

       Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados):

       elections last held 6 June 1993 (next to be held May 1997); results -

       percent of vote by party NA; seats - (130 total) MNR 52, UCS 20, ADN

       17, MIR 17, CONDEPA 13, MBL 7, ARBOL 1, ASD 1, EJE 1, PDC 1

Скачать книгу