LITMIR.BIZ

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sewage and industrial waste; urbanization

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered

       Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection,

       Wetlands

       signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the

       Sea, Marine Life Conservation

      Geography - note:

       strategic location on the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz, which

       are vital maritime pathways for crude oil transport

      People Iran

      Population:

       69,018,924 (July 2004 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 28% (male 9,935,527; female 9,411,647)

       15–64 years: 67.2% (male 23,608,621; female 22,744,128)

       65 years and over: 4.8% (male 1,645,246; female 1,673,755) (2004

       est.)

      Median age:

       total: 23.5 years

       male: 23.3 years

       female: 23.7 years (2004 est.)

      Population growth rate:

       1.07% (2004 est.)

      Birth rate:

       17.1 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Death rate:

       5.53 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       −0.84 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female

       total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

       total: 42.86 deaths/1,000 live births

       female: 42.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)

       male: 43.01 deaths/1,000 live births

      Life expectancy at birth:

       total population: 69.66 years

       male: 68.31 years

       female: 71.07 years (2004 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

       1.93 children born/woman (2004 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

       less than 0.1% (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

       20,000 (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

       290 (2001 est.)

      Nationality:

       noun: Iranian(s)

       adjective: Iranian

      Ethnic groups:

       Persian 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%, Arab

       3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%

      Religions:

       Shi'a Muslim 89%, Sunni Muslim 9%, Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian,

       and Baha'i 2%

      Languages:

       Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects 26%,

       Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

       total population: 79.4%

       male: 85.6%

       female: 73% (2003 est.)

      Government Iran

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran

       conventional short form: Iran

       local short form: Iran

       former: Persia

       local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran

      Government type:

       theocratic republic

      Capital:

       Tehran

      Administrative divisions:

       28 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e

       Gharbi, Azarbayjan-e Sharqi, Bushehr, Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari,

       Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman,

       Kermanshah, Khorasan, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Buyer Ahmad,

       Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan,

       Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan

      Independence:

       1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)

      National holiday:

       Republic Day, 1 April (1979)

       note: additional holidays celebrated widely in Iran include

       Revolution Day, 11 February (1979); Noruz (New Year's Day), 21

       March; Constitutional Monarchy Day, 5 August (1925)

      Constitution:

       2–3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency

       and eliminate the prime ministership

      Legal system:

       the Constitution codifies Islamic principles of government

      Suffrage:

       15 years of age; universal

      Executive branch:

       chief of state: Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-KHAMENEI

       (since 4 June 1989)

       elections: leader of the Islamic Revolution appointed for life by

       the Assembly of Experts; president elected by popular vote for a

       four-year term; election last held 8 June 2001 (next to be held June

       2005)

       election results: (Ali) Mohammad KHATAMI-Ardakani reelected

       president; percent of vote - (Ali) Mohammad KHATAMI-Ardakani 77%

       cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president with

       legislative approval; the Supreme Leader has some control over

       appointments to the more sensitive ministries

       head of government: President (Ali) Mohammad KHATAMI-Ardakani (since

       3 August 1997); First Vice President Dr. Mohammad Reza AREF-Yazdi

       (since 26 August 2001)

      Legislative branch:

       unicameral Islamic Consultative Assembly or

       Majles-e-Shura-ye-Eslami (290 seats, note - changed from 270 seats

       with the 18 February 2000 election; members elected by popular vote

       to serve four-year terms)

       elections: last held 20 February 2004 with a runoff held 7 May 2004

       (next to be held February 2008)

       election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by party -

       conservatives/Islamists 190, reformers

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