LITMIR.BIZ

Скачать книгу

      @Angola

      Introduction Angola

      Background:

       Angola has begun to enjoy the fruits of peace since the end of a

       27-year civil war in 2002. Fighting between the Popular Movement for

       the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, and

       the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led

       by Jonas SAVIMBI, followed independence from Portugal in 1975. Peace

       seemed imminent in 1992 when Angola held national elections, but

       UNITA renewed fighting after being beaten by the MPLA at the polls.

       Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost - and 4 million people

       displaced - in the quarter century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in

       2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and strengthened the MPLA's hold on

       power. DOS SANTOS has pledged to hold national elections in 2006.

      Geography Angola

      Location:

       Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between

       Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo

      Geographic coordinates:

       12 30 S, 18 30 E

      Map references:

       Africa

      Area:

       total: 1,246,700 sq km

       water: 0 sq km

       land: 1,246,700 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly less than twice the size of Texas

      Land boundaries:

       total: 5,198 km

       border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,511 km (of

       which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province),

       Republic of the Congo 201 km, Namibia 1,376 km, Zambia 1,110 km

      Coastline:

       1,600 km

      Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

      Climate:

       semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry

       season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)

      Terrain:

       narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Morro de Moco 2,620 m

      Natural resources:

       petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold,

       bauxite, uranium

      Land use: arable land: 2.41% permanent crops: 0.24% other: 97.35% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       750 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau

      Environment - current issues:

       overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion attributable to

       population pressures; desertification; deforestation of tropical

       rain forest, in response to both international demand for tropical

       timber and to domestic use as fuel, resulting in loss of

       biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and

       siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the

       Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note:

       the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of

       the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo

      People Angola

      Population:

       10,978,552 (July 2004 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 43.5% (male 2,410,326; female 2,363,368)

       15–64 years: 53.7% (male 2,998,892; female 2,897,837)

       65 years and over: 2.8% (male 137,340; female 170,789) (2004 est.)

      Median age:

       total: 18.1 years

       male: 18.1 years

       female: 18.1 years (2004 est.)

      Population growth rate:

       1.93% (2004 est.)

      Birth rate:

       45.14 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Death rate:

       25.86 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Net migration rate:

       0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female

       total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

      Infant mortality rate:

       total: 192.5 deaths/1,000 live births

       female: 179.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)

       male: 204.97 deaths/1,000 live births

      Life expectancy at birth:

       total population: 36.79 years

       male: 36.06 years

       female: 37.55 years (2004 est.)

      Total fertility rate:

       6.33 children born/woman (2004 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

       3.9% (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

       240,000 (2003 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths:

       21,000 (2003 est.)

      Major infectious diseases:

       typhoid fever, malaria, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis

       overall degree of risk: very high (2004)

      Nationality:

       noun: Angolan(s)

       adjective: Angolan

      Ethnic groups:

       Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European

       and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%

      Religions:

       indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998

       est.)

      Languages:

       Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

      

Скачать книгу