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      Early American Places is a collaborative project of the University of Georgia Press, New York University Press, Northern Illinois University Press, and the University of Nebraska Press. The series is supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. For more information, please visit www.earlyamericanplaces.org.

      Advisory Board

      Vincent Brown, Duke University

      Stephanie M. H. Camp, University of Washington

      Andrew Cayton, Miami University

      Cornelia Hughes Dayton, University of Connecticut

      Nicole Eustace, New York University

      Amy S. Greenberg, Pennsylvania State University

      Ramón A. Gutiérrez, University of Chicago

      Peter Charles Hoffer, University of Georgia

      Karen Ordahl Kupperman, New York University

      Joshua Piker, University of Oklahoma

      Mark M. Smith, University of South Carolina

      Rosemarie Zagarri, George Mason University

      Faithful Bodies

      Performing Religion and Race in the Puritan Atlantic

      Heather Miyano Kopelson

      New York University Press

      New York and London

      New York University Press

      New York and London

       www.nyupress.org

      © 2014 by New York University

      All rights reserved

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Kopelson, Heather Miyano.

      Faithful bodies : performing religion and race in the Puritan Atlantic / Heather Miyano Kopelson.

      pages cm — (Early American places)

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 978-1-4798-0500-6 (cloth : acid-free paper)

      1. Massachusetts—Race relations—Religious aspects—History—17th century. 2. Rhode Island—Race relations—Religious aspects—History—17th century. 3. Bermuda Islands—Race relations—Religious aspects—History—17th century. 4. Great Britain—Colonies—America—History—17th century. 5. Puritans—America—History—17th century. 6. Protestantism—Social aspects—America—History—History—17th century. 7. Ethnicity—America—Religious aspects—History—17th century. 8. Massachusetts—History—Colonial period, ca. 1600–1775. 9. Rhode Island—History—Colonial period, ca. 1600–1775. 10. Bermuda Islands—History—17th century. I. Title.

      F75.A1K67 2014

      305.800974—dc23 2013049744

      References to Internet Web sites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the author nor New York University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared.

      New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability. We strive to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the greatest extent possible in publishing our books.

      Contents

      List of Illustrations

      Acknowledgments

      Introduction

      Part I. Defining

      1. “One Indian and a Negroe, the first thes Ilands ever had”

      2. “Joyne interchangeably in a laborious bodily service”

      3. “Ye are of one Body and members one of another”

      Part II. Performing

      4. “Extravasat Blood”

      5. “Makinge a tumult in the congregation”

      6. “Those bloody people who did use most horrible crueltie”

      7. “To bee among the praying indians”

      8. “In consideration for his raising her in the Christian faith”

      Part III. Disciplining

      9. “Abominable mixture and spurious issue”

      10. “Sensured to be whipped uppon a Lecture daie”

      11. “If any white woman shall have a child by any Negroe or other slave”

      Epilogue

      Notes

      Bibliography

      About the Author

      Illustrations

      I.1. Native territories and English colonial claims in southern New England, ca. 1665

      I.2. The puritan Atlantic in the long seventeenth century

      1.1. Taínoan provinces and cacicazgos on Hispaniola

      1.2. Sir George Somers’s manuscript map of Bermuda, ca. 1609

      1.3. Manioc processing, 1724

      1.4. Bread making, 1565

      1.5. Directions for making bread from cassava roots, 1621

      1.6. Taínoan palm-thatched house

      1.7. Palm fabric, 1670s

      2.1. Map of selected Native and English places in seventeenth-century New England

      2.2. String of seventeenth-century wampum beads

      2.3. Seventeenth-century potsherds with representations of female genitalia

      2.4. Zoomorphic effigy pestle in the form of a bear, Rhode Island

      3.1. Baptist celebration of the Lord’s Supper, 1736

      3.2. St. George’s Chalice

      3.3. John Hull beaker, ca. 1659, First Church, Boston

      3.4. Roger Wood beaker, ca. 1654, Devonshire Church, Bermuda

      3.5. Fireplace, Cooper-Frost-Austin House, Cambridge, Mass.

      5.1. Female Quaker preaching, 1736

      7.1. Praying Indian towns, ca. 1675

      10.1. Incontinency proceedings in Bermuda, 1667

      10.2. Unlawful sex cases in Bermuda, 1650–1723

      10.3. Gender differential in white bastardy cases in Bermuda, 1690–1723

      10.4. Unlawful sex in Bermuda by type of offense, 1650–1723

      10.5. Racial labels of Bermudian women charged with unlawful sex, 1650–1723

      10.6. Cases charging Bermudian women with unlawful sex by decade, 1650–1723

      11.1. Interracial sex cases in Bermuda, 1650–1723

      11.2. “An Act for the Better Preventing of Spurious and Mixt Issue,” 1705, Massachusetts

      Acknowledgments

      It is a pleasure to have the opportunity to thank all of those who have helped me over the years of researching and writing this book. Several institutions provided key financial support: the University of Iowa Graduate College and Department of History, the John Nicholas Brown Center, the Huntington Library, the Massachusetts Historical Society, the New England Regional Fellowship Consortium, the McNeil Center for Early American Studies, the Center for the Study of Race and Ethnicity at Brown

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