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       EVERYDAY COURAGE

       QUALITATIVE STUDIES IN PSYCHOLOGY

      GENERAL EDITORS

      Michelle Fine and Jeanne Marecek

      Everyday Courage:

      The Lives and Stories of Urban Teenagers

      by Niobe Way

       EVERYDAY COURAGE

      The Lives and Stories of Urban Teenagers

       NIOBE WAY

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      NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS

      New York and London

      © 1998 by New York University

      All rights reserved

      Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Way, Niobe, 1963–

      Everyday courage : the lives and stories of urban teenagers/

      Niobe Way.

      p. cm. — (Qualitative studies in psychology)

      Includes bibliographical references and index.

      ISBN 0-8147-9320-7 (cloth : acid-free paper). — ISBN

      0-8147-9339-8 (pbk. : acid-free paper)

      1. Urban youth—United States—Case studies. 2. Urban youth—

      United States—Longitudinal studies. 3. Socially handicapped

      teenagers—United States—Case studies. 4. Socially handicapped

      teenagers—United States—Longitudinal studies. 5. Adolescence—

      United States. I. Title. II. Series.

      HQ796.W325 1998

      305.235’0973’091732—dc21 97-45296

      CIP

      New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper,

      and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability.

      Manufactured in the United States of America

      10 9 8 7 6 5

       To “Malcolm” and “Eva”

      Contents

       Acknowledgments

       Introduction

       1. Interpreting Narratives

       2. A Study of Urban Youth

       Individual Lives—Part I

       3. Malcolm’s Story

       Patterns

       4. Voice and Silence

       5. Desire and Betrayal in Friendships

       6. “I Never Put Anyone in Front of My Mother”

       7. Maintaining a “Positive Attitude”/Fearing Death

       8. “Slacking Up” in School

       9. Racism, Sexism, and Difference

       Individual Lives—Part II

       10. Eva’s Story

       Epilogue

       Appendix A

       Appendix B

       Notes

       References

       Index

       Acknowledgments

      First and foremost, I wish to express my gratitude to the adolescents who were willing to share their stories with me and my colleagues. Without their patience, cooperation, and wisdom, this book would not have been written. I am also grateful to the Henry Murray Research Center at Radcliffe College for financial support of this project.

      My deepest appreciation extends to my graduate school mentor and friend Carol Gilligan, whose teachings are the inspiration for my research. Carol’s intellectual guidance and vision have provided me with the essential tools with which to pursue my own research questions. There have also been numerous friends, colleagues, former teachers, and students who have graciously read this book and provided me with constructive criticism, wonderful insights, and much encouragement. These people include Elizabeth Abrams, Charles Baraw, Elizabeth Chin, Michelle Fine, JoEllen Fisherkeller, Monica Garcia, Patricia Harmon, Stuart Hauser, Laura Maciuika, Allison Morell, Meg Turner, and Janie Ward. Charles Baraw’s extremely close reading of this book was especially helpful. I also want to extend a special thanks to Helena Stauber and Michael Nakkula for interviewing many of the adolescents and for their years of support and intellectual challenge. The project would not have been possible without them. Thank you as well to Jamie Aronson and Stacy Scott for helping to conduct the interviews, to Madeline Alers for taking the photos that grace the cover of this book, and to Annie Rogers whose remarkable work on “ordinary courage” among girls was the inspiration for the title of this book and for the substance of some of the chapters.

      Tim Bartlett, my editor at New York University Press, made astute

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