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Three spikelets at each node. Spikelets one-flowered, central one only fertile.
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Hordeum spp.
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4
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Spike one-sided; spikelets one-flowered.
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Nardus stricta
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Spike not one-sided; spikelets several-flowered.
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5
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5
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Spikelet placed edgewise; 1 glume only.
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6
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Spikelet placed sideways on; 2 glumes.
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Agropyron repens
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(Wheat 3 or more large florets and broad glumes,lemmas usually awnless, and Rye with two large floretsand narrow glumes, lemmas always awned, come here)
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6
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Lemmas awnless.
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Lolium perenne
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Lemmas awned.
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Lolium multiflorum
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7
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Spikelets usually many-flowered (4 or more);glumes short, not hiding florets.
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8
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Spikelets few-flowered (2–5 usually); glumes long,concealing at least the lower florets.
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19
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Spikelets one-flowered; glumes long, concealingfloret.
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23
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8
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Panicle branches mainly spreading.
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9
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Panicle branches very short, not spreading, so thatinflorescence looks more like spike. Sterileskeleton spikelets present as well as fertile.
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Cynosurus cristatus
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9
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Lemmas with awn on back.
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10
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Lemmas awnless or with awn on tip.
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11
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10
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Lemmas rounded, spikelet oval.
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Bromus mollis & related species
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Lemmas keeled, spikelet triangular.
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Bromus sterilis & related species
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11
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Lemmas with rounded back.
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12
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Lemmas keeled on back.
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16
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12
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Lemmas very blunt.
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13
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Lemmas bluntly or sharply pointed or shortlyawned.
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14
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13
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Spikelets long, cylindrical.
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Glyceria fluitans
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Spikelets short, rounded-triangular.
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Briza media
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14
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Panicle purple, usually long and slender, stigmaand anthers dark purple.
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Molinia caerulea
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Panicle green, becoming brown or yellowish.Stigma and anthers pale.
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15
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15
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Panicle and florets small.
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Festuca ovina & F. rubra
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Panicle and florets larger, two branches at mostnodes, with 1 or 2 spikelets on smaller branch,lemmas bluntly pointed.
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Festuea pratensis
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Panicle very large, 3 or more spikelets on smallerbranch, lemmas with awn-point.
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Festuca arundinacea
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16
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Lemmas straight, bluntly pointed.
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17
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Lemmas curved, with awn point, panicle largewith dense clumps of spikelets.
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Dactylis glomerata
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17
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Panicle small, no “web.”
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Poa annua
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Panicle larger, “web” of cottony hairs at base oflemma.
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18
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18
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Spikelets rather small, panicle open, light andfeathery in appearance.
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Poa trivialis
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Spikelets slightly larger, panicle closer, denser andheavier in appearance.
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Poa pratensis
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19
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Panicle branches mainly spreading. Spikelet erect.
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20
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Panicle branches short, not spreading. Spikelet ofone shiny fertile floret and two sterile brownhairy awned lemmas.
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Anthoxanthum odoratum
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20
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Spikelets two-flowered, one fertile, one male only.
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21
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Spikelets with two or more fertile florets.
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22
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21
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Spikelets fairly large, lower floret male withprominent bent awn, upper floret fertile.
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Arrhenatherum elatius
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Spikelets small, lower floret fertile, upper floretmale with small fish-hook awn.
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Holcus lanatus
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(Holcus mollis similar but with more prominent bent awn)
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22
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Panicle rather small, closing in fruit, yellow,spikelets 2–5 flowered.
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Trisetum flavescens
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(Helictotrichon spp. with
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