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Third Section: The Testimony of the Ancient Authorities

       The Fourth Section: The Example of Imam Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq, God Be Pleased with Him

       The Fifth Section: The Example of Imam ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb

       The Sixth Section: The Example of ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwān

       The Seventh Section: The Deeds of al-Ḥajjāj

       The Eighth Section: The Example of ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, God Be Pleased with Him

       The Ninth Section: The Events That Took Place in the Days of Caliph al-Manṣūr

       The Tenth Section: The Events That Took Place in the Days of Caliph al-Mahdī

       The Eleventh Section: The Events That Took Place in the Days of Caliph Hārūn al-Rashīd

       The Twelfth Section: The Events That Took Place in the Days of Caliph al-Maʾmūn

       The Thirteenth Section: The Events That Took Place in the Days of al-Mutawakkil

       The Fourteenth Section: The Events That Took Place in the Days of Caliph al-Muqtadir Bi-llāh

       The Fifteenth Section: Examples of the Jews’ Ignominy, Wickedness, and Trickery

       The Second Chapter, A Description of the Copts and Their Perfidies, in Fifteen Sections

       The First Section: A General Description of Them

       The Second Section: Why the Copts Specialize as Secretaries and Neglect Other Professions

       The Third Section: Concerning Their Pervasive yet Imperceptible Influence in the Land of Egypt

       The Fourth Section: How Aḥmad ibn Ṭūlūn Discovered Their Notorious Malfeasance, and How He Resolved to Act toward Them

       The Fifth Section: What Befell Them at the Hands of Muḥammad ibn Sulaymān

       The Sixth Section: The Events That Took Place in the Days of al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh

       The Seventh Section: The Events That Took Place in the Days of al-Āmir, and the Confiscations Carried Out by the Accursed Monk

       The Eighth Section: Their Perfidy in the Story of ʿArīb the Singer

       The Ninth Section: Their Scheming in the Days of al-Ḥāfiẓ, Their Perfidy during His Regime, and the Way in Which They Corrupted Aspects of His Life Which Had Otherwise Been Righteous

       The Tenth Section: Their Shameless Testimony in Court Cases Involving Muslims

       The Eleventh Section: Concerning Their Scheming in Carrying Out the Cadastral Survey, and Their Shamelessness in Causing Harm, with No Concern for God, Be He Exalted, No Fear of Scandal from the Discovery of Their Disgrace, and No Regard for Consequences

       The Twelfth Section: Their Scheming against a Certain Judicial Witness Who Was in Their Company, and How They Cannot Be Restrained from Malfeasance

       The Thirteenth Section: Concerning a Calculated Stratagem Carried Out by a Christian against His Jewish Associate, a Shocking Act That Only Someone of That Accursed Community Would Dare to Commit

       The Fourteenth Section: Their Disgraceful Deeds in the Days of al-ʿĀḍid, When al-Malik al-Ṣāliḥ Ṭalāʾiʿ ibn Ruzzīk Was Sultan

       The Fifteenth Section: Why It Is That When One of Them Converts to Islam Due to Some Predicament or Calamity, He Becomes Even More Miserable and Dishonest than He Had Been Formerly, and Even More Insolent

       The Third Chapter, A Description of Secretaries and Their Art, in Three Sections

       The First Section: A Description of the Secretarial Art

       The Second Section: An Account of Those Men Who May Properly Be Called Secretaries, along with Some of Their Achievements in Prose, Though It Be but a Single Phrase to Demonstrate the Excellence of Each One

       The Third Section: Examples of the Poetry Produced by the Most Excellent Secretaries, Though It Be but a Single Line Each

       The Fourth Chapter, An Account of the Ignorant Men Who Have Unworthily Donned the Garments of the Secretaries, in Three Sections

       The First Section: Poetry Composed about Such Men in Former and More Recent Times

       The Second Section: Concerning Amusing Aspects of Their Vulgar Expression, and Their Foolishness 244

       The Third Section, From Which Our Book Gets Its Title: What Should Be Done with Them, Namely, Taking Back the Property They Have Skimmed for Themselves from Public Funds Rightfully Belonging to the Muslims

       A Section with Which I End This Book, Explaining My Reason for Composing It

       Notes

       The Fatimid Caliphs in Egypt

       The Ayyubid Sultans in Egypt

       Glossary of Names and Terms

       Bibliography

       Further Reading

       Index

       About the NYU Abu Dhabi Institute

       About the Translator

       The Library of Arabic Literature

      ABBREVIATIONS

      See the Bibliography for full information.

      In the endnotes to the translation:

Aḥkām Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, Aḥkām ahl al-dhimmah

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