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      Tricky Punctuation in Cartoons

      Lidia Stanton

      Illustrated by Sophie Kennedy

      For Lucas, not because his writing wasn’t perfect,but because it was.

      Contents

       Introduction to Educators and Parents

       1. Why We Need Punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

       2. Capital Letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

       3. Full Stop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

       4. Exclamation Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

       5. Question Mark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

       6. Listing Comma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

       7. Serial (Oxford) Comma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

       8. Name-Separating Comma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

       9. Clause the Santa Claus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

       10. Comma Separating Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

       11. Main and ‘Sub’ Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

       12. Comma after Fronted Adverbials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

       13. Commas ‘Hugging’ a Subordinate Clause. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

       14. Relative Clauses and Puppies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

       15. Two or More Main Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

       16. Commas – Putting It All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141

       17. Colon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

       18. Semicolon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

       19. Dash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

       20. Brackets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

       21. Parenthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

       22. Ellipsis

       23. Hyphen

       24. Inverted Commas

       25. Possessive Apostrophe

       26. Contracting Apostrophe

       27. How to Solve a Problem like Zed?

       28. Zed Has the Last Word

       Answer Key

       Further Reading

       Index

      Introduction to Educators and Parents

      Correct punctuation:

      the difference between

      a sentence that’s well-written

      and a sentence that’s, well, written.

      Anonymous

      Why another reference guide?

      This book does not aspire to be another English language reference guide. Its purpose is to make the correct use of punctuation marks achievable for those who rarely use them in places other than the end of a sentence. The book’s humour-packed content is designed to be easily processed and hard to put down. References to social media humour make it relevant to young people’s everyday experience of electronic literacy.

      Most of all, the book’s aim is to demystify a belief that punctuation, like spelling and grammar, is difficult to learn if one does not have strong academic skills, is less of a logical thinker, or has a specific learning difficulty, such as dyslexia. Punctuation does make a lot of sense, but that may not be obvious to someone who does not find traditional SPAG (spelling, punctuation and grammar) classroom instruction or reference guides helpful. This book hopes to ignite, or re-ignite, curiosity about punctuation that might have been lost on some academic journeys.

      Who is this book for?

      The book is for anyone, but should particularly help learners in Key Stage 2 and 3 (aged 9–15) who:

      • prefer to learn by seeing and doing, not extensive reading and/or listening

      • have tried traditional SPAG strategies but with limited success

      • find it difficult to remember and generalise punctuation rules

      • have attentional difficulty and/or poor sequential processing skills

      • have dyslexia or other specific learning difficulty (SpLD).

      I have used the multisensory strategies (building blocks for complex and compound sentences, thumbs for possessive apostrophes, and folded paper for contracting apostrophes) with Year 5 (aged 9–10) and Year 6 (aged 10–11) children, who worked very enthusiastically and were certainly

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