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      Julius Nyerere

      OHIO SHORT HISTORIES OF AFRICA

      This series of Ohio Short Histories of Africa is meant for those who are looking for a brief but lively introduction to a wide range of topics in African history, politics, and biography, written by some of the leading experts in their fields.

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      by Bereket Habte Selassie

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       Patrice Lumumba

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       Ken Saro-Wiwa

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       South Sudan: A New History for a New Nation

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       Julius Nyerere

      by Paul Bjerk

       Thabo Mbeki

      by Adekeye Adebajo

      Julius Nyerere

      Paul Bjerk

      OHIO UNIVERSITY PRESS

      ATHENS

      Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio 45701

       ohioswallow.com

      © 2017 by Ohio University Press

      All rights reserved

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      Printed in the United States of America

      Ohio University Press books are printed on acid-free paper

      27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 5 4 3 2 1

      Cover design by Joey Hi-Fi

       Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

      Names: Bjerk, Paul, author.

      Title: Julius Nyerere / Paul Bjerk.

      Other titles: Ohio short histories of Africa.

      Description: Athens, Ohio : Ohio University Press, 2017. | Series: Ohio short histories of Africa | Includes bibliographical references and index.

      Identifiers: LCCN 2017004209| ISBN 9780821422601 (pb : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780821445969 (pdf)

      Subjects: LCSH: Nyerere, Julius K., 1922–1999. | Presidents—Tanzania—Biography. | Nation-building—Tanzania. | Tanzania—History—20th century. | Tanzania—Politics and government—20th century.

      Classification: LCC DT448.25.N9 B542 2017 | DDC 967.8041092—dc23

      LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017004209

       Contents

       List of Illustrations

       1. Mwalimu Nyerere: A Study in Leadership

       2. Coming of Age in an African Colony, 1922–53

       3. TANU and Tanzanian Independence, 1954–64

       4. Ujamaa and the Race for Self-Reliance, 1965–77

       5. Confronting a Continent in Crisis, 1978–90

       6. An Unquiet Retirement, 1991–99

       Notes

       Index

       Illustrations

       Figures

       1.1. The independence cabinet, 1961

       1.2. President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania with President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, 1965

       3.1. Chief Minister Julius Nyerere with Bibi Titi Mohamed, Umoja wa Wanawake (UWT) chairperson Sophia Kawawa, and Maria Nyerere

       3.2. The Constitutional Conference, March 1961

       3.3. Second Vice President Rashidi Kawawa, in his office, mid-1960s

       4.1. President Julius Nyerere with Premier Zhou Enlai of China, 1965

       4.2. President Julius Nyerere greets a member of the Ujamaa Group in the Junior TANU Youth League, ca. 1975

       4.3. President of Zanzibar and First Vice President of Tanzania Sheikh Abeid Karume, ca. 1965

       4.4. President Julius Nyerere greets Coretta Scott King in the United States, 1977

       6.1. Retired president Mwalimu Julius Nyerere with

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